Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Nov 2005
Controlled Clinical Trial[Effects of clonidine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems after cardiac surgery].
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of clonidine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems after cardiac surgery. Ninety-six patients who had undergone scheduled myocardial revascularization were examined. According to the type of used anesthesia, the examinees were divided into 2 groups: 1) 60 patients who received standard anesthesia (a control group) and 2) 36 patients in whom the anesthesia was supplemented by clonidine. ⋯ Statistically significant minimum doses of catecholamines were more frequently used in Group 2 (27% versus 15% in the control group) (p < 0.05). The duration of artificial ventilation was 9.6 +/- 7.5 and 9.2 +/- 5.5 hours in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.05). Positive fluid balance within the first 24 postoperative hours was 2324 +/- 1450 and 1587 +/- 1019 ml in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.001).
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Nov 2005
Clinical Trial[Surfactant-BL and inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome in cardiac surgical patients].
The study was undertaken to evaluate lung function, central hemodynamics, and the oxygen transport system during combined therapy with surfactant-BL ("Biodurf", Saint Petersburg) and inhalational nitric oxide (iNO) for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after surgery using extracorporeal circulation (EC). Twenty-three patients (18 males and 5 females) aged 43 to 71 years (mean 56.5 +/- 2.4 years) were examined. The diagnosis of ARDS was established in accordance with the criteria recommended by the USA-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. ⋯ Total mortality was 39%. Arterial hypoxemia was not a cause of death in any cases. It is concluded that the combined use of surfactant-BL and iNO ensures significantly improved pulmonary oxygenizing function, decreased thoracopulmonary compliance, and better O2 transport.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Sep 2005
[Neuropathic pain in oncology: mechanisms of its occurrence and current approaches to its treatment].
The paper provides evidence for the topicality of therapy for neuropathic pain syndrome (NPS) in cancer patients, describes the mechanisms of its occurrence, the specific features of its clinical manifestations, and presents a complex of currently available etiopathogenetic agents for the therapy of NPS. It also gives the authors' own data on the clinical application of the new anticonvulsant gabapentin (neurontin) in 34 patients with chronic NPS. ⋯ The side effects of the drug are not hazardous and they are moderately pronounced. These results are in agreement with the presented data of multicenter randomized placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy and tolerance of gabapentin in the treatment of cancer-induced NPS of various genesis.