Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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Treatment of acute pain is one of the most important tasks of perioperative pediatric anesthesia. Pain-relieving drugs are usually administered on the basis of the concept of balanced analgesia, which involves a combination of analgesics with either synergic or additive effects. The concept of balanced analgesia is successful under many circumstances, but continuous efforts are needed to improve management in dificult cases. ⋯ Establishing a high standard at an institution requires a regular evaluation and documentation of pain scores. Non-opioid analgesics are frequently administered just in the induction of anesthesia due to their long-term effects, and then combined with opioids or regional anesthetic techniques. The present review focuses on non-opioid analgesics that can be intravenously injected for the perioperative treatment of acute pain.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jan 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial[Efficiency of using ondansetron in the surgical treatment of post-burn cicatricial deformity in children with a history of postoperative nausea and vomiting].
The efficiency of using various formulations of the antiemetic ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the surgical treatment of postburn scars and deformities in children with a family history of PONV was compared. The patients were randomized into 4 representative groups. ⋯ When the drug was used as syrup, PONV developed 2 times more frequently (PONV in 20% of the patients and 3 times more commonly when the drug was intravenously injected as jets during induction to anesthesia (PONV in 30% of the patients. When antiemetics were not given (a control group), the incidence was 7.5 times greater (75% of cases).
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This study has evaluated the efficacy and safety of different doses of Esmerone in children under fluorothane anesthesia. It enrolled 85 children from a senior age group (7-14 years). According to the myorelaxant used, all the patients were divided into 2 groups: S and R. ⋯ The efficacy of the agent was evaluated by accelerographic and clinical data. The study has demonstrated that Esmerone was safer than succinylcholine. Increasing the dose (0.3-0.6-0.9 mg/kg) of Esmerone advantages in the onset of NMB and shows an increase in the duration of its action.
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The paper describes the specific features of anesthetic maintenance in preterm and full-term neonates, intraoperative monitoring, and the effects of inhaled anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, sedatives, and myorelaxants with emphasis on the anatomic and physiological features of a developing organism.