Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology
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J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2014
ReviewCurrent concepts of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of varied pathophysiological consequences and alteration of intracranial dynamics, reduction of the cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. In the past decade more emphasis has been directed towards optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients who have suffered TBI. Injured brain may show signs of ischemia if CPP remains below 50 mmHg and raising the CPP above 60 mmHg may avoid cerebral oxygen desaturation. ⋯ Brain monitoring techniques such as jugular venous oximetry, monitoring of brain tissue oxygen tension (PbrO2), and cerebral microdialysis provide complementary and specific information that permits the selection of the optimal CPP. This review highlights the rationale for use CPP directed therapies and neuromonitoring to identify optimal CPP of head injured patients. The article also reviews the evidence provided by various clinical trials regarding optimal CPP and their application in the management of head injured patients.
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J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2014
Benefits of intravenous lidocaine on post-operative pain and acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Intravenous (I.V.) lidocaine has analgesic, antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is known to accelerate the return of bowel function after surgery. We evaluated the effects of I.V. lidocaine on pain management and acute rehabilitation protocol after laparoscopic nephrectomy. ⋯ Intravenous (I.V.) lidocaine could reduce post-operative morphine consumption and improve post-operative pain management and post-operative recovery after laparoscopic nephrectomy. I.V. lidocaine could contribute to better post-operative rehabilitation.
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J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2014
Safety profile of fast-track extubation in pediatric congenital heart disease surgery patients in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country: An observational prospective study.
Early extubation after cardiac operations is an important aspect of fast-track cardiac anesthesia. In order to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of prolonged ventilation in pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) surgical patients, the concept of early extubation has been analyzed at our tertiary care hospital. The current study was carried out to record the data to validate the importance and safety of fast-track extubation (FTE) with evidence. ⋯ On the basis of the current study results, it is recommended to use FTE in pediatric CHD surgical patients safely with multidisciplinary approach.
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J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2014
Transversus abdominis plane block as the primary anesthetic for laparotomy.
Elderly patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The risks and side-effects associated with intubation and mechanical ventilation or neuraxial anesthesia must be balanced against the need to maintain hemodynamic stability while maximizing pain control. ⋯ We present three cases of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as the primary anesthetic for laparotomy in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. We have demonstrated the efficacy of and recommend the use of TAP blocks as the primary surgical anesthetic in a selected group of patients undergoing laparotomy.
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J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2014
Perioperative management and complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: Our institutional experience.
Patients with endocrine diseases such as acromegaly and Cushing's disease have a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There is controversy regarding the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) following transsphenoidal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative management and complications, in patients with or without OSA undergoing transsphenoidal surgery. ⋯ Post-operative hypoxemia in patients with OSA following transsphenoidal surgery can be treated in most but not all patients with high flow oxygen using the face mask. We were able to safely use CPAP in a very small number of patients but caution is needed to prevent complications. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the safe use of CPAP in patients after transsphenoidal surgery.