Postgraduate medicine
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Postgraduate medicine · Sep 2022
ReviewEvaluation of gallstone classification and their diagnosis through serum parameters as emerging tools in treatment: a narrative review.
The treatment of gallstones is a matter of real concern as they may cause gallbladder cancer if not properly attended to. Evaluating the classification of gallstones can give major clues in their treatment as it will decide their etiology, chemical composition, and pathogenesis. Also, serum parameters have emerged as an efficient tool for diagnosing gallstones. ⋯ The various serum parameters studied were as RDW-CV test (red blood cell distribution width), PCT (prolactin) test, MPV (mean platelet count), LYM (lymphocyte) test, and EOS (eosinophil and eosinophil count test). Also, we discussed some practical considerations for gallstones that can be taken into account for gallstone prevention and diagnosis. Further research is required to detect gallstone type in the gallbladder by using the alteration in the levels of serum parameters.
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Postgraduate medicine · Sep 2022
Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among diabetic females: a cross sectional case controlled study.
Sexual relationships, sexual functions are all parts of the female sexual identity and which influence physiological, psychological, and reproductive functions of women. ⋯ FSD is a significant health problem in premenopausal women complaining of DM. Females with type 1 DM were more affected than females with type 2 DM, who in turn were more affected than healthy controls. Long duration of the disease was the main risk factor for developing FSD.
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Postgraduate medicine · Sep 2022
Oral versus subcutaneous semaglutide for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events: cost per outcome analysis of SUSTAIN-6 and PIONEER-6.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1a), reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An oral version of semaglutide is now available, and patients may prefer it over the subcutaneous form. Our objective was to compare the value for money of the two modalities by assessing the cost needed to treat (CNT) to prevent MACE. ⋯ Oral and subcutaneous semaglutide prescribed to prevent MACE in patients with T2DM provide similar value for money. The choice between both therapies should be guided mainly by patient preferences.
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Postgraduate medicine · Sep 2022
A retrospective study of diabetes treatment in older adults: what should we aim for?
Management of diabetes in elderly individuals requires a complex approach, considering the negative consequences. Glycemic overtreatment and undertreatment are relatively common conditions among this population. This study aimed to determine the potential overtreatment and undertreatment frequencies in older adults and the factors associated with these conditions. ⋯ Our study has shown that potential glycemic overtreatment and undertreatment are common problems in diabetic older adults. It was found that agents with a high risk of hypoglycemia, such as insulin and sulfonylureas, were more closely associated with potential overtreatment. In the management of diabetes in the elderly, it should be aimed to choose treatment agents that lead to less negative consequences and to follow up the patients more closely.
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Postgraduate medicine · Sep 2022
Prevalence and predictors of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic individuals: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China.
Although a high Helicobacter pylori infection rate has been reported in dyspeptic patients, published data for the asymptomatic population are inadequate. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the association between H. pylori infection diagnosed using the noninvasive 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) and risk factors in asymptomatic Chinese individuals. ⋯ These findings suggest that detailed and strict weight and glucose management is crucial to reduce the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Management strategies should be identified and implemented with regard to these identified factors to reduce the notable economic and healthcare burden in China.