Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2010
Dynamics of S100B release into serum and cerebrospinal fluid following acute brain injury.
High S100B serum levels are considered to reflect brain injury severity. However, the dynamics of S100B passage from the cerebral compartment into the blood remain unclear. We examined the temporal profile of S100B release into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in acute brain injury. ⋯ Following brain injury, the S100B passage from the CSF to the blood was significantly impaired. Further, higher ratios were correlated with better neurological function (p = 0.002). Because stimulated active S100B release may serve as a repair mechanism, a higher S100B serum/CSF ratio may contribute to neurological recovery.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2010
Minocycline attenuates brain edema, brain atrophy and neurological deficits after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Evidence suggests that microglia activation contributes to brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study aimed to determine if minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia activation, can reduce brain edema, brain atrophy and neurological deficits after ICH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an infusion of 100-microL autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia. ⋯ Minocycline also improved functional outcome. In addition, minocycline reduced brain tissue loss in the ipsilateral caudate (p < 0.01) and ventricular enlargement (p < 0.05). In conclusion, minocycline attenuates ICH-induced brain edema formation, neurological deficits and brain atrophy in rats suggesting an important role of microglia in ICH-related brain injury.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2010
Nanowired-drug delivery enhances neuroprotective efficacy of compounds and reduces spinal cord edema formation and improves functional outcome following spinal cord injury in the rat.
The possibility that drugs attached to nanowires enhance their therapeutic efficacy was examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Three Acure compounds AP-173, AP-713 and AP-364 were tagged with TiO(2)-based nanowires (50-60 nm) and applied over the traumatized cord either 5 or 60 min after SCI in rats produced by a longitudinal incision into the right dorsal horn of the T10-11 segments under equithesin anaesthesia. Normal compounds were used for comparison. ⋯ Whereas normal compounds applied at 5 min after injury (but not after 60 min) had some significant but less beneficial effects compared to their nanowired combinations. On the other hand, nanowires alone did not influence spinal cord pathology or motor function after SCI. Taken together, our results indicate that the nanowired-drug-delivery enhances the neuroprotective efficacy of drugs in SCI and reduces functional outcome compared to normal compounds even applied at a later stage following trauma, not reported earlier.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2010
Significance of monitoring the initial intracranial pressure on hematoma irrigation with trephination therapy for acute subdural hematomas in critical conditions.
Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) patients presenting in a severe condition tend to have poor outcomes due to the significant brain edema required to maintain the ICP at less than 20-25 mmHg. This study compared the surgical outcomes of 16 critically ill patients with ASDH who underwent hematoma irrigation with trephination therapy (HITT) based on their initial ICP values. The initial mean GCS score upon admission was four. ⋯ All six patients who showed an initial ICP greater than 60 mmHg died despite intensive care. Eight patients who showed an initial ICP less than 40 mmHg had a favorable outcome, but two patients deteriorated due to a traumatic cerebrovascular disorder. It seems that the initial ICP monitoring with HITT for ASDH patients in critical condition may be an important factor for predicting both surgical outcome and clinical course.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2010
Treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation using multiple clips.
To evaluate the efficacy of multiple clip application for the occlusion of complex intracranial aneurysms, analyzing the technique and outcome of big and giant cerebral aneurysms clipped in our institution. ⋯ The "multi" clip method for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms can be a safe and effective method where a single clip cannot obtain complete neck closure. Proper preoperative understanding of the three-dimensional anatomy of the aneurysm and appropriate preoperative planning and selection of suitable clipping method, using an appropriate combination of clips, definitely can reduce the morbidity and mortality in these patients.