Health progress (Saint Louis, Mo.)
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A widely accepted new leadership approach concerns transactional and transformational leadership. Transactional leadership consists of planning, implementation, and evaluation. Transformational leadership consists of charisma, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration that can motivate followers. ⋯ The development of transformational leadership qualities during master's study primarily provides a foundation on which students can build. Health administration programs in cooperation with healthcare organizations have created three models for field experience: internships, residencies, and fellowships. Many master's programs deliver continuing education programs for both types of leadership, and research and consultation contribute to this education.
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The Healthcare Quality Improvement Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-660) offers immunity from monetary damages for peer review actions and protection for patients from incompetent physicians. Institutions may find, however, that its notice and hearing requirements are costly and offer no more than existing protections. "Deemed compliance" procedures may also differ greatly from facilities' current practices. ⋯ Burget decision already suggests. Facilities should examine costs and benefits of compliance and alternatives to the hearing process, as well as the effect on the national clearinghouse that the act will establish for reporting problem physicians.