Prilozi / Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, Oddelenie za biološki i medicinski nauki = Contributions / Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Biological and Medical Sciences
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) comprises several syndromes that are associated with a sudden decrease in renal function. AKI is a common condition especially among critically ill patients. It is typically multifactorial and of great prognostic significance. ⋯ Furthermore, as AKI is multi-factorial and heterogeneous in origin, it seems likely that not one single marker but a panel of biomarkers will be required to detect all subtypes of AKI early during their evolution. This has initiated proteomic studies to develop panels of biomarkers which may facilitate early detection of AKI. The present review will focus on the most important clinical studies evaluating the ability of single AKI biomarkers and on those in clinical proteomics that attempted to establish panels of biomarkers in urine for early and accurate AKI diagnosis and prognosis.