Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
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Aspergillus species causes a variety of pulmonary diseases, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patietnts, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in patients with chronic lung diseases and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hypersensitivity to Aspergillus antigens. There are many species of Aspergillus, however Aspergillus fumigatus is the most commonly encountered species. ⋯ Development of new antifungal agents, such as micafungin and voriconazole significantly affect the management and outcome of patients with CPA. This article reviews the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of CPA, and that provides recent advances in the CPA-related pathogenic factor.
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Medical screening system for osteoporosis is important method for detection of osteopenia or osteoporosis in the community. The medical screening for osteoporosis was done for female subjects at age 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 year-old people according to the Health Promotion Act in Japan. ⋯ Calcaneus bone mass was measured in 81% of institutions by quantitative ultrasound(QUS). Because QUS is inexpensive, involves no radiation exposure, and is easily portable, this method should be suitable for medical screening for osteoporosis and its prevalent use in Japan supports this assumption.
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Recently, Japanese guidelines for the treatment and prevention of peptic ulcers were established by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Herein, we focus on proton pump inhibitor(PPI) and H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) for prophylaxis and treatment of peptic ulcer associated with NSAIDs including low dose of aspirin. ⋯ Full-dose misoprostol and PPI are clinically equivalent, although the potential adverse effects of misoprostol are a major cause of poor compliance. Overall, PPIs have the best profile of efficacy and side-effects for the healing and prevention of NSAID-associated ulcers, especially in the patients with high risk, such as history of peptic ulcer.