Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
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There have been major advances in the past decade in induction therapy for transplantation-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard treatment for younger patients with MM. ⋯ A favorable response to therapy is a very important prognostic factor. This chapter reviews recent results on the most commonly used and tested doublet, triplet, quadruplet combinations for the treatment of newly diagnosed transplantation-eligible myeloma and provides guidance on choosing the optimal initial treatment regimen.
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Although patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer frequently have metastases to the bone, they have a relatively favorable prognosis. Therefore, it is important to keep or improve the level of patient's quality of life. ⋯ A new bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals using radium-223 is also promising, because a randomized trial showed an overall survival advantage of radium-223 in prostate patients with bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the role of targeted radionuclide therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer, focusing on strontium-89 and radium-223.
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Androgen ablation therapy is performed for prostate cancer patients especially with advanced stage. Nevertheless, outgrowth of hormone independent cancer cells occurs within several years and leads to a lethal condition, so-called castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ⋯ This review focuses on these AR antagonists that have some features including high affinity to AR compared with bicalutamide, preventing nuclear translocation and DNA binding. These new hormonal agents have changed the landscape of CRPC treatment with a promising outcome.
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Biomarkers have been developed for the purpose of diagnosis, analysis of the pathogenesis, monitoring disease activity and treatment response, selection of treatment, and prediction of prognosis and risk of disease development. In accordance with the development of MRI technique, the significance of imaging biomarkers has been increasing. ⋯ These biomarkers are helpful especially for the diagnosis of atypical cases. The significance of blood/CSF biomarkers are expected to increase for the prediction of the disease, selection of appropriate therapy, prediction of disease susceptibility.