AANA journal
-
Recent clinical studies using the bispectral index monitor to predict movement, measure the level of consciousness, and reduce the cost of anesthesia have renewed interest in the use of a monitor to assess the effects of anesthetics on the brain. In 1937, Gibbs described electroencephalographic changes during the administration of general anesthetics. ⋯ The purpose of this article is to provide a historical perspective of the development and use of the processed electroencephalographic monitor. This article also describes studies of clinical usefulness of the bispectral index monitoring device in anesthesia practice today.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does ketorolac produce preemptive analgesic effects in laparoscopic ambulatory surgery patients?
The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous ketorolac tromethamine could produce preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgical procedures. Each patient's response to pain was measured by the mechanical visual analogue scale (M-VAS) and total analgesic use. By using a double-blind design, 49 patients were randomized into the preemptive group (n = 25), which received ketorolac preoperatively, or the control group (n = 24), which received ketorolac at the conclusion of surgery. ⋯ Only the pain change from baseline between the 2 groups was statistically significant. Total fentanyl use and postoperative oral analgesic use was not statistically significant. Clinically, the preemptive administration of ketorolac to patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery did not demonstrate preemptive analgesic effects.