AANA journal
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does ketorolac produce preemptive analgesic effects in laparoscopic ambulatory surgery patients?
The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous ketorolac tromethamine could produce preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgical procedures. Each patient's response to pain was measured by the mechanical visual analogue scale (M-VAS) and total analgesic use. By using a double-blind design, 49 patients were randomized into the preemptive group (n = 25), which received ketorolac preoperatively, or the control group (n = 24), which received ketorolac at the conclusion of surgery. ⋯ Only the pain change from baseline between the 2 groups was statistically significant. Total fentanyl use and postoperative oral analgesic use was not statistically significant. Clinically, the preemptive administration of ketorolac to patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery did not demonstrate preemptive analgesic effects.
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In 1978, 2 European nurse anesthetists attended the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA). Their interest in international cooperation among nurse anesthetists and AANA's agreement planted the seed for what would later become the International Federal of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA). ⋯ We also address the role of a nurse anesthetist worldwide, educational and research activities, and the importance of networking with other organizations. The article concludes with steps toward globalization of the profession and the future of the IFNA.
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Review
AANA journal course: update for nurse anesthetists--refrigerated anesthesia-related medications.
Medications have strength, expiration date, and storage conditions printed on the medication bottle or package. Some anesthesia medications require refrigeration to maintain the stated strength and safety until the expiration date. These medications may expire in days rather than years when left at room temperature in anesthesia carts or emergency boxes. The following AANA Journal course discusses anesthesia-related medications that require refrigeration and how long potency and safety is maintained out of the refrigerator and provides a chart for future referral.