Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
ReviewBenefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for hydrocarbon pneumonitis.
To review the therapeutic benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of hydrocarbon pneumonitis. ⋯ The need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is rare owing to the generally good outcome of most cases of hydrocarbon ingestions and pneumonitis. Only with further research on the nature and clinical course of severe hydrocarbon pneumonitis, refinement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation criteria, and evaluation of alternative therapies, will the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation be better defined.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
An evaluation of unleaded petrol as a harm reduction strategy for petrol sniffers in an aboriginal community.
In mid 1989, leaded petrol was replaced by unleaded petrol to reduce lead toxicity in petrol sniffers in Maningrida, a remote Aboriginal community in Northern Australia. RETROSPECTIVE REVIEWS: Hospital admissions between 1987 and 1992 due to petrol sniffing were compared for Maningrida and a community using only leaded petrol. ⋯ The elimination of tetraethyl lead from petrol resulted in a significant decrease in hospitalization of petrol sniffers.
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The Taiwan National Poison Center has received more than 30,000 telephone calls since its establishment in July 1985. ⋯ Human poisoning is a serious problem in Taiwan. The reduction of suicide attempts is a major objective. Childhood poisonings are underreported and of high mortality.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Case ReportsAcute renal failure, compartment syndrome, and systemic capillary leak syndrome complicating carbon monoxide poisoning.
Five Indian labourers sharing one room were found lying on the floor unconscious. A coal fire had been lit to provide heat during the cold night and was still burning inside the room. Two of the men were pronounced dead at the scene. ⋯ Two patients developed anuric acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis as shown by renal biopsy. Two patients developed the full blown picture of systemic capillary leak syndrome. Gross and microscopic examination of specimens taken at autopsy showed extensive necrosis of all skeletal muscles, myocardial necrosis and acute tubular necrosis affecting both kidneys.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Effect of calcium chloride and 4-aminopyridine therapy on desipramine toxicity in rats.
Hypotension is a major contributor to mortality in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Recent data suggest that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit calcium influx in some tissues. This study addressed the potential role of calcium channel blockade in tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension. ⋯ The administration of CaCl2 or 4-aminopyridine did not reverse tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension in rats. CaCl2 therapy may possibly worsen both cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity. These findings do not support a role for calcium channel inhibition in the pathogenesis of tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension.