Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2004
Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning in fire related deaths in Victoria, Australia.
This study was undertaken to examine the association of hydrogen cyanide and carboxyhaemoglobin in victims of fire related deaths in Australia. The secondary aim was to document demographic data about Australian fire related deaths. ⋯ This study showed a correlation between elevated blood ethanol and whole blood cyanide levels (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and between elevated carboxyhaemoglobin and hydrogen cyanide levels (r = 0.34). Although the mean cyanide level was 1.3 mg/L (above the level some consider potentially toxic) in those cases with a carboxyhaemoglobin level of greater than 10%, there is insufficient data to permit recommendations for clinical care. Further studies are required on those victims that reach hospital alive.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2004
Do adenosine receptors play a role in amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity in rats?
The aim of the our study was to investigate the role of adenosine receptors on cardiovascular toxicity induced by amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant agent. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was that adenosine receptor antagonists would improve and/or prevent amitriptyline-induced hypotension and conduction abnormalities in an anesthetized rat model of amitriptyline intoxication. ⋯ Adenosine antagonists were found to be effective in improving hypotension, QRS prolongation and survival time in our rat model of amitriptyline toxicity. Additionally, amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity was abolished by pretreatment with adenosine receptor antagonists. These results suggest that adenosine receptors may have a role in the pathophysiology of amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Adenosine A1 and A2a receptor antagonists may be promising agents for reversing amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2004
Letter Case ReportsIngestion of high-dose buprenorphine by a 4 year-old child.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of fresh frozen plasma on cholinesterase levels and outcomes in patients with organophosphate poisoning.
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of fresh frozen plasma, as a source of cholinesterase, on butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; plasma or pseudo cholinesterase) levels and outcomes in patients with organophosphate poisoning. ⋯ Fresh frozen plasma therapy increases BuChE levels in patients with organophosphate poisonings. The administration of plasma may also prevent the development of intermediate syndrome and related mortality. Plasma (fresh frozen or freshly prepared) therapy may be used as an alternative or adjunctive treatment method in patients with organophosphate pesticide poisoning, especially in cases not given pralidoxime. Further randomized controlled and animal studies are required to infer a definitive result.