Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2002
Comparative StudyMechanism of respiratory insufficiency in pure or mixed drug-induced coma involving benzodiazepines.
We tested the hypothesis that the mechanism of respiratory insufficiency in drug-induced coma involving benzodiazepines is an increase in upper airway resistance. ⋯ Drug-induced coma involving benzodiazepines is characterized by snoring with flow limitation and obstructive apnea. The mechanism of respiratory insufficiency in nonintubated patients with drug-induced coma involving benzodiazepines is an increase in upper airway resistance and WOB.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2002
ReviewReview of oximes in the antidotal treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus nerve agents.
The cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus compounds referred to as nerve agents (soman, sarin, tabun, GF agent, and VX) are particularly toxic and are considered to be among the most dangerous chemical warfare agents. Included in antidotal medical countermeasures are oximes to reactivate the inhibited cholinesterase. Much experimental work has been done to better understand the properties of the oxime antidotal candidates including the currently available pralidoxime and obidoxime, the H oximes HI-6 and Hlö-7, and methoxime. ⋯ The H oximes appear to be very promising antidotes against nerve agents because they are able to protect experimental animals from toxic effects and improve survival of animals poisoned with supralethal doses. They appear more effective against nerve agent poisoning than the currently used oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime, especially in the case of soman poisoning. On the other hand, pralidoxime and especially obidoxime seem sufficiently effective to treat poisonings with organophosphorus insecticides that have relatively less toxicity than nerve agents.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2002
Acute wood or coal exposure with carbon monoxide intoxication induces sister chromatid exchange.
The object of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect of acute overexposure to combustion products originating from coal or wood stoves in patients presenting with acute carbon monoxide intoxication. ⋯ These results suggest that acute exposure to combustion products of wood or coal is genotoxic to DNA. Potential causes of genotoxicity include known mutagenic compounds present in coal or wood smoke and ash, oxygen radicals formed during combustion, as well as hypoxic and reperfusion injury mechanisms initiated by carbon monoxide intoxication. Additional studies on separate carbon monoxide exposure from smoke and ash are needed to understand individual genotoxic contributions and mechanisms.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2002
Case ReportsIntrathecal vincristine: fatal myeloencephalopathy despite cerebrospinal fluid perfusion.
Vincristine, an antineoplastic agent, must never be injected intrathecally because of its devastating neurotoxic effects, which are usually fatal. We report a case of fatal myeloencephalopathy secondary to inadvertent intrathecal administration of vincristine. ⋯ We compare our case with other previously reported cases in which patient survival was achieved with the same treatment. We summarize preventive measures to avoid such unfortunate occurrences.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 2001
ReviewUse of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
These recommendations concern the use of aluminum hydroxide adsorbed cell-free anthrax vaccine (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed [AVA], BioPort Corporation, Lansing, MI) in the United States for protection against disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. In addition, information is included regarding the use of chemoprophylaxis against B. anthracis.