Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1998
The effects of 4-aminopyridine and Bay K 8644 on verapamil-induced cardiovascular toxicity in anesthetized rats.
To determine the effects of 4-aminopyridine and Bay K 8644 on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in an anesthetized rat model of verapamil toxicity. ⋯ 4-Aminopyridine improved mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent fashion; however, the higher infusion rate (2 mg/kg/h) necessary to improve mean arterial pressure and heart rate resulted in convulsions and excessive secretions. The reversal effects of Bay K 8644 on mean arterial pressure were transient and did not affect heart rate.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1998
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialGlycolate kinetics and hemodialysis clearance in ethylene glycol poisoning. META Study Group.
Toxic manifestations following ethylene glycol exposure are due to accumulation of metabolites, particularly glycolate. We characterized glycolate elimination kinetics and dialysis properties in a series of ethylene glycol poisonings. ⋯ Glycolate has a slow elimination rate and long half-life. Hemodialysis effectively clears glycolate. An increased anion gap correlates with the presence of glycolate. Hemodialysis is projected as useful for ethylene glycol-poisoned patients with anion gap acidosis and low ethylene glycol blood levels.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1998
Case ReportsThe use of pamidronate for hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D intoxication.
Pamidronate disodium, a bone resorption inhibitor through osteoclast mediation, has been used to treat chronic hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy and chronic renal failure. We report the use of pamidronate for acute, severe hypercalcemia secondary to iatrogenic vitamin D poisoning. ⋯ We report a case of the use of pamidronate for significant hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning. Although evidence of congestive heart failure was evident, dialysis was avoided without significant sequelae. Pamidronate therapy should be considered in patients with hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1998
Historical ArticleLove potions and the ointment of witches: historical aspects of the nightshade alkaloids.
Nightshade plants (Solanaceae) have been utilized as hallucinogenic drugs since antiquity in nearly every culture. The Solanaceae alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine, were the active substances in ointment of witches and medieval anesthetics, and in modern poisons. They are still currently used as hallucinogenic drugs. ⋯ Respiratory depression and arrest at high doses confirm the use of scopolamine as a lethal poison. Despite this, the nightshade alkaloids were utilized in clinical medicine in the 19th century. This is an overview of the cultural history of the nightshade alkaloids.