Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Case Reports Clinical TrialNaloxone--for intoxications with intravenous heroin and heroin mixtures--harmless or hazardous? A prospective clinical study.
Naloxone is standard medication for the treatment of heroin intoxications. No large-scale studies have yet been carried out to determine its toxicity in heroin intoxications. ⋯ The short time between naloxone administration and the occurrence of complications, as well as the type of complications, are strong evidence of a causal link. In 1000 clinically diagnosed intoxications with heroin or heroin mixtures, from 4 to 30 serious complications can be expected. Such a high incidence of complications is unacceptable and could theoretically be reduced by artificial respiration with a bag valve device (hyperventilation) as well as by administering naloxone in minimal divided doses, injected slowly.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Five year retrospective evaluation of sulfonylurea ingestion in children.
Oral hypoglycemic medications are frequently used for Type II diabetes and accidental ingestions by children may occur. There are no comprehensive pediatric studies documenting poison center experiences. ⋯ Children ingesting oral hypoglycemics should be admitted to a health care facility for 24 h observation. In this series a single tablet produced hypoglycemia.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Multicenter StudyPredictors of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide exposure in smoke inhalation patients.
A prospective study of civilian (nonfirefighter) smoke inhalation patients was carried out to test the hypotheses that: 1) absorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide from smoke can be predicted by clinical examination and historical data; and, more specifically 2) a history of exposure to burning synthetic polymers is an important predictor of systemic cyanide levels. ⋯ SCORE was the strongest predictor of both carboxyhemoglobin and cyanide levels; LAGTIME also explained significant variance for [log-transformed] carboxyhemoglobin. Historical factors, such as FIRETYPE, MATERIAL, and SMOKING status, did not explain significant variance in most of the statistical models employed.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
ReviewBenefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for hydrocarbon pneumonitis.
To review the therapeutic benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of hydrocarbon pneumonitis. ⋯ The need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is rare owing to the generally good outcome of most cases of hydrocarbon ingestions and pneumonitis. Only with further research on the nature and clinical course of severe hydrocarbon pneumonitis, refinement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation criteria, and evaluation of alternative therapies, will the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation be better defined.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
An evaluation of unleaded petrol as a harm reduction strategy for petrol sniffers in an aboriginal community.
In mid 1989, leaded petrol was replaced by unleaded petrol to reduce lead toxicity in petrol sniffers in Maningrida, a remote Aboriginal community in Northern Australia. RETROSPECTIVE REVIEWS: Hospital admissions between 1987 and 1992 due to petrol sniffing were compared for Maningrida and a community using only leaded petrol. ⋯ The elimination of tetraethyl lead from petrol resulted in a significant decrease in hospitalization of petrol sniffers.