Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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The Taiwan National Poison Center has received more than 30,000 telephone calls since its establishment in July 1985. ⋯ Human poisoning is a serious problem in Taiwan. The reduction of suicide attempts is a major objective. Childhood poisonings are underreported and of high mortality.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Case ReportsAcute renal failure, compartment syndrome, and systemic capillary leak syndrome complicating carbon monoxide poisoning.
Five Indian labourers sharing one room were found lying on the floor unconscious. A coal fire had been lit to provide heat during the cold night and was still burning inside the room. Two of the men were pronounced dead at the scene. ⋯ Two patients developed anuric acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis as shown by renal biopsy. Two patients developed the full blown picture of systemic capillary leak syndrome. Gross and microscopic examination of specimens taken at autopsy showed extensive necrosis of all skeletal muscles, myocardial necrosis and acute tubular necrosis affecting both kidneys.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Effect of calcium chloride and 4-aminopyridine therapy on desipramine toxicity in rats.
Hypotension is a major contributor to mortality in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Recent data suggest that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit calcium influx in some tissues. This study addressed the potential role of calcium channel blockade in tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension. ⋯ The administration of CaCl2 or 4-aminopyridine did not reverse tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension in rats. CaCl2 therapy may possibly worsen both cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity. These findings do not support a role for calcium channel inhibition in the pathogenesis of tricyclic antidepressant-induced hypotension.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
The effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate on QRS duration in rats poisoned with chloroquine.
To determine efficacy of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate in narrowing QRS prolongation produced by chloroquine. ⋯ Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate partially reversed sodium channel blockade and resultant QRS interval prolongation produced by chloroquine in rats. These data should be interpreted with caution, given the need to extrapolate to humans and the modest effect of sodium bicarbonate on QRS narrowing.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
ReviewRisks of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: is there a role for use in the management of the acutely poisoned patient?
To review the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the support of poisoned patients and provide a basis for comparison to other methods of respiratory support for these patients. ⋯ The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure following ingestion has the same limited indications as for other patients with respiratory failure. Data supporting an improvement in outcome are not available. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for reversible cardiac toxicity has a sound basis but clinical experience is limited. Good supportive care for the poisoned patient is essential before considering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.