Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Sep 2020
Defining right ventricular dysfunction by the use of echocardiography in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism.
Although the prognostic value of various echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) was reported in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), there is no generally accepted definition of RVD. ⋯ Defining RVD on echocardiography by the RV to LV ratio of more than 1 combined with TAPSE of less than 16 mm identified patients with an increased risk of 30‑day PE‑related mortality, hemodynamic collapse, or rescue thrombolysis, while patients without this sign had a very good 30‑day prognosis.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Sep 2020
ReviewImmunotherapy of solid tumors: how safely treat the patients.
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was shown to improve survival of patients with solid tumors such as: melanoma, renal carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, cutaneous carcinomas, or head and neck carcinoma. However, a special type of ICIs toxicity is observed, namely noninfectious inflammation of different organs associated with autoimmunity known as immune‑related adverse events (irAEs). This noninfectious inflammation may affect the endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract, heart, skin, and nervous system. ⋯ Knowledge of irAEs should be promoted among clinicians of all specialties, nurses, patients and their families. The aim of this review is to present the wide spectrum of irAEs: clinical signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. Data are supported by our own clinical observations.