Pflege Zeitschrift
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Review
[Validity and reliability of the pain questionnaire "Brief Pain Inventory". A literature research].
Every fifth person in Europe suffers from chronic pain (Breivik et al. 2006). This number shows the topicality of this subject. For a professional and individual care of patients with chronic pain, it is essential to record the pain with a suitable and validated assessment instrument. ⋯ The systematic literature review demonstrates the scientific part of evidence-based nursing, EBN. That means, from a scientific point of view, the BPI is suitable for detecting chronic pain in the acute hospital in adults who are capable of providing information about themselves. Further research about the different BPI modifications, the different types of pain, the use of the instrument in practice and a few quality criteria is recommended.
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Review
[Incontinence--a common issue for people with Parkinson's disease. A systematic literature review].
Parkinson's disease is among the most common neurological diseases. About 4.1 million people are attected worldwide. The course of Parkinson's disease is chronically progressive. ⋯ In respect to stress and fecal incontinence there were no significant differences between people affected and people not affected by Parkinson's disease. With pelvic floor muscle exercises and accompanying measures as well as with injections of botulinum toxin A a reduction of urinary incontinence seems to be possible. Due to methodological insufficiency of these studies, no clear recommendations can be given.