Radiology
-
Bowel ischemia may be caused by many conditions and manifest with typical or atypical and specific or nonspecific clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings. It may mimic various intestinal diseases and be confused with certain nonischemic conditions clinically and at computed tomography (CT). Bowel ischemia severity ranges from mild (generally transient superficial changes of intestinal mucosa) to more dangerous and potentially life-threatening transmural bowel wall necrosis. ⋯ Unfortunately, common CT findings in bowel ischemia are not specific, and specific findings are rather uncommon. Therefore, it often is a combination of nonspecific clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings-especially detailed knowledge about the pathogenesis of acute bowel ischemia in different conditions-that helps most in correct interpretation of CT findings. To improve understanding of this complex heterogeneous entity, this article provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of mesenteric perfusion and discussions of causes and pathogenesis of acute bowel ischemia, CT findings in various types of acute bowel ischemia, and potential pitfalls of CT.
-
To evaluate the normal anatomy of the structures supporting the proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal bone and investigate the pathogenesis of fractures in this region. ⋯ The pathogenesis of fractures of the proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal bone appears to be related to avulsion injury of PAL and SPM tendon fibers.
-
To characterize the computed tomographic (CT) findings of gastrointestinal complications in neutropenic patients and to identify CT features that can help differentiate these complications. ⋯ Several CT findings can help differentiate specific gastrointestinal complications in neutropenic patients.