Radiology
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Ultrasonography (US) with a high-frequency (7.5-10-MHz) transducer has become the imaging modality of choice for examination of the scrotum. US examination can provide information valuable for the differential diagnosis of a variety of disease processes involving the scrotum that have similar clinical manifestations (eg, pain, swelling, or presence of mass). ⋯ This review covers the anatomy of the scrotum and the scanning protocol for scrotal US, as well as detailed descriptions of disease processes and their US appearances. Newly described conditions such as intratesticular varicoceles and other benign intratesticular cystic lesions are also discussed.
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Comparative Study
Chronic heart failure: global left ventricular perfusion and coronary flow reserve with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging: initial results.
To quantify and compare global left ventricular (LV) perfusion and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with chronic heart failure and in healthy volunteers by measuring coronary sinus flow with velocity-encoded cine (VEC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. ⋯ Combined cine and VEC MR imaging revealed that patients with chronic heart failure have normal LV perfusion at rest but severely depressed LV perfusion after vasodilation. Impaired CFR may contribute to progressive decline in LV function in patients with chronic heart failure.
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To evaluate abdominal ultrasonography (US) for indirect (with free fluid analysis only) and direct (with free fluid and parenchymal analysis) detection of organ injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma, with findings at computed tomography (CT) and/or surgery as the standard of diagnosis. ⋯ US is highly sensitive for the detection of free intraperitoneal fluid but not sensitive for the identification of organ injuries. In hemodynamically stable patients, the value of US is mainly limited by the large percentage of organ injuries that are not associated with free fluid.
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To evaluate whether preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils is safe and effective for inducing lobar hypertrophy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy. ⋯ Preoperative PVE with PVA particles and coils is safe and effective for inducing lobar hypertrophy in patients with advanced hepatobiliary malignancy.