Radiology
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Unlike neurologic conditions, such as brain tumors, dementia, and stroke, the neural mechanisms for all psychiatric disorders remain unclear. A large body of research obtained with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging has demonstrated regional and illness-specific brain changes at the onset of psychiatric disorders and in individuals at risk for such disorders. Many studies have shown that psychiatric medications induce specific measurable changes in brain anatomy and function that are related to clinical outcomes. ⋯ Furthermore, this article will (a) give an overview of the imaging and analysis methods for psychoradiology; (b) review the most robust and important radiologic findings and their potential clinical value from studies of major psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia; and (c) describe the main challenges and future directions in this field. An ongoing and iterative process of developing biologically based nomenclatures with which to delineate psychiatric disorders and translational research to predict and track response to different therapeutic drugs is laying the foundation for a shift in diagnostic practice in psychiatry from a psychologic symptom-based approach to an imaging-based approach over the next generation. This shift will require considerable innovations for the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of brain images, all of which will undoubtedly require the active involvement of radiologists. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Purpose To determine the yield of follow-up abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) in detecting extragastric recurrence after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancers (EGCs) that meet the expanded criteria. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. Patients who underwent curative ESD for EGCs that met the expanded criteria between November 2005 and December 2009 and who underwent post-ESD CT and endoscopy were included. ⋯ Among them, eight gastric recurrences were also detected with CT. The cumulative incidences of gastric recurrence 1, 3, and 5 years after ESD were 1.7% (two of 404 patients), 3.2% (13 of 404 patients), and 7.4% (30 of 404 patients), respectively. Conclusion When EGC meets the expanded criteria, surveillance CT after curative ESD rarely depicts extragastric recurrence during 5-year post-ESD follow-up. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.