Radiology
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To determine the effect of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the causal association between intravenous iodinated contrast material exposure and subsequent development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in propensity score-matched groups of patients who underwent contrast material-enhanced or unenhanced computed tomography (CT). ⋯ Diminished eGFR is associated with an increased risk of SCr-defined AKI following CT examinations. However, the risk of AKI is independent of contrast material exposure, even in patients with eGFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2).
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To determine (a) whether diffuse white matter injury of prematurity is associated with an increased choline (Cho)-to-creatine (Cr) ratio and a reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA)-to-Cho ratio and whether these measures can be used as biomarkers of outcome and (b) if changes in peak area metabolite ratios at magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy are associated with changes in T2 and fractional anisotropy (FA) at MR imaging. ⋯ The combination of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios measured in the posterior periventricular white matter at term-equivalent age is predictive of motor outcome at 1 year in infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation.
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To determine the relationship between overall detection rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the specific detection rates of low-, intermediate-, and high-grade DCIS at the start of a digital mammography screening program. ⋯ This study demonstrates that high overall cancer detection rates in digital mammography screening are related to high detection rates of invasive cancers, as well as DCIS. Increases in the detection rates of DCIS were not driven by disproportionate increments of the slowly progressive low-grade subtype but rather by increased rates of intermediate- and high-grade subtypes that carry a higher risk of transition to invasive cancers.
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To prospectively assess the diagnostic performance of noncathartic computed tomographic (CT) colonography in the detection of clinically relevant colorectal lesions (≥6 mm polyps or masses) in a well-defined cohort of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), using colonoscopy and histologic review as the standard of reference. ⋯ Noncathartic CT colonography is an effective screening method in first-degree relatives of patients with CRC.
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Comparative Study
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with enhancement degree and histologic grade.
To compare the association of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with the histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the relationship between IVIM-derived parameters and arterial enhancement degree. ⋯ IVIM-derived D values of HCC showed significantly better diagnostic performance than ADC values in differentiating high-grade HCC from low-grade HCC, and significant correlation was observed between f and the percentage of arterial enhancement.