Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
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Pol. Merkur. Lekarski · Sep 2015
Review[Advanced methods of prehospital bleeding management based on the experience and standards of tactical medicine].
Hemostatic agents are currently used in the form of special granules or soaked gauze. Their use is particularly advantageous in difficult body location (e.g. on neck, armpit or groin), where other methods of bleeding control are impossible to use or fail. In a tactical environment tranexamic acid received first class recommendation for use in case of severe bleeding in the US Army. ⋯ The aim of the implementation of hypotensive resuscitation is to maintain perfusion of vital organs in patient with hypovolemia, without excessive fluid infusion. Modern method of bleeding control in combat condition are compression clamps. The purpose of these devices is to compress blood vessel by external pressure pads, especially in difficult to access arteries and large veins in the pelvis or in the distal abdominal aorta.
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Pol. Merkur. Lekarski · Sep 2015
Comparative StudyUsage of soft bougie for intubation via supraglottic airway devices.
An effective and dexterously established airway management of patients in life-threatening conditions is one of the basic procedures. Endotracheal intubation is considered to be the best method, however when, difficulties occur, it is indispensable to use of alternative methods with expertise. ⋯ Usage of soft track does not increase the effectiveness of intubation by any of the equipment or even the effectiveness decreases. IGEL device shows the highest effectiveness in both groups. The mean duration of intubation was achieved with the LMA Curve.
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Pol. Merkur. Lekarski · Sep 2015
Case Reports[Damage of the lungs after exposure to obscurant smoke - a case report].
Firing smoke candle, on reaction of pyrotechnic mixture of zinc oxide and hexachloroethane, releases of white smoke, which can damage the pulmonary parenchyma. Presented case illustrates the effects of such an inhalation injury that has led to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The use of mechanical ventilation and administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids give the possibility to obtain clinical improvement. The resulting changes in the lung parenchyma shown on imaging studies resulted in significant impairment of breathing.
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Organophosphates are stable cholinesterases inhibitors (AChE). Inhibition of AChE activity leads to the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine and hyperactivity of the cholinergic system by stimulating acetylcholine receptors - muscarinic and nicotinic. This group included tabun, sarin, soman and VX gases. ⋯ Therapeutic management of acute poisoning organophosphorus compounds boils down to treating symptomatic and supportive vital functions. Monitoring of cardiovascular, respiratory and renal failure in intensive care gives only guarantee the effective treatment of poisoning. Properties toxic organophosphorus compounds also are of interest to terrorist groups.
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Pol. Merkur. Lekarski · Sep 2015
[Detection of disease markers in the breath using optoelectronic methods].
Great interest of scientific community is observed recently over non-invasive tests methods dedicated to diagnose disease states using biomarkers. The ability to detect these substances in the human breath can provide valuable information about disorder of biochemical processes in the body. Breath analysis is non-invasive, painless and can provide a quick answer about the existence of the disease. In addition, the sampling process is carried out comfortably for both the patient and the medical staff. ⋯ Developed sensors are characterized by high sensitivity (ppb-level) and high selectivity, simple and fast measurement procedure. Therefore, they can be applied as medical screening tools enabling biomarkers detection in exhaled air at the molecular level.