European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialPeritonsillar infiltration with levobupivacaine for posttonsillectomy pain relief: does concentration have any effect? A double-blind randomized controlled clinical study.
Post-tonsillectomy pain is believed to be mediated by noxious stimulation of C-fiber afferents located in the peritonsillary space, and local anesthetic infiltration to this area may decrease pain by blocking the sensory pathways and thus preventing the nociceptive impulses. We aimed to compare the effects of different concentrations of preincisional peritonsillar levobupivacaine (0.25% and 0.5%) infiltration on postoperative pain and bleeding in a placebo-controlled design. ⋯ Both concentrations (0.50% and 0.25%) of levobupivacaine were found to be equally safe and effective during preincisional peritonsillar infiltration in children. NCT number: 02322346.
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · Apr 2015
ReviewThe discrepancy between recommendations and clinical practice for viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis: mind the gap!
Recently AAOS, ACR and OARSI revised their recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and for hand, knee and hip joints. During ISIAT (International Symposium on Intra-Articular Treatments) 2013 round table on recommendations about the use of intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid (IAHA) in OA, several considerations were elaborated by the ISIAT Technical Expert Panel (TEP) regarding discrepancy between recommendations and clinical practice. The ISIAT TEP gathered the following eight suggestions regarding the drawing of recommendations on the use of IAHA in OA and its comparison with other treatments. ⋯ Particular attention should be given to different phenotypes of OA that may possibly respond differently to each treatment. Compliance and long-term side effects of different therapeutic approaches should be evaluated. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation should be performed on the long term.
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Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a spice traditionally used to treat indigestion, nausea and vomiting. Ginger extracts accelerate gastric emptying and stimulate gastric antral contractions. ⋯ A systematic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies highlighted the potential efficacy of ginger on the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting of various origins, even though additional controlled studies are needed. This review focuses on pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting and on chemotherapy induced nausea, and hypothesizes a therapeutic role for ginger extracts in case of side effects, as an alternative to traditional prokinetic drugs such as domperidone, levosulpiride or metoclopramide.
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · Feb 2015
The gender difference in effect of sevoflurane exposure on cognitive function and hippocampus neuronal apoptosis in rats.
Anesthesia and surgery can induce postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Ser-133 phosphorylation sites of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is a key gene that mediate a variety of downstream transcription initiation factors, regulate neuronal survival and promote the expression of a large number of genes. Thus, CREB may play a role in this impairment. We hypothesize that and sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment possibly via inhibiting the expression of CREB downstream genes and proteins. ⋯ Here, we found that sevoflurane anesthesia can impair short-term cognitive function, which may be via down-regulating p-CREB1 and Bcl-2 expression and up-regulating Caspase-8 expression to reduce hippocampus neuronal apoptosis, and male rats suffered a more severe cognitive dysfunction than female rats. In addition, sevoflurane can produce a reversible long-term cognitive dysfunction in rats.
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialUsefulness of DuoPAP in the treatment of very low birth weight preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
This study examined the usefulness of nasal Duo positive airway pressure (DuoPAP) in the treatment of very low birth weight preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). ⋯ Nasal DuoPAP better improves oxygenation, reduces CO₂ retention, and diminishes the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and complications in the treatment of NRDS.