Przegla̧d lekarski
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The lesions of the trachea resulting from intubation are scarce. Each laceration of the tracheal wall threatens the patient's life. ⋯ In all the patients the lacerated wall of the trachea was sewn up. Our observations indicate that leaving the patients on his own breathing after sewing up of the lacerated tracheal wall supports the healing of the impaired site.
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The development of predictive genetic DNA- tests gives people the choice "to know" or "not to know" a decision with tremendous short-mid- and long-term consequences. Family history of disease can provide information about the increased risk of susceptibility, and these knowledge may have psychosocial implication. The results of studies using genetic testing and their psychological impact are discussed with regard to hereditary cancer (breast, colorectal, prostate) as well as particular neurogenetic disease (e.g. ⋯ Psychological studies on genetic risk concentrating on psychological adjustment, transfer of information within the family and perception of genetic risk in families showed that genetic disease had a considerable impact on family life (e.g. reproductive decisions). Findings showed that people with a family history of cancer (without genetic testing) vary in their illness behaviour, but little is known about the effect of inheredited predisposition to disease (e.g. cancer) on such health related behaviour as smoking, diet, activity level. Genetic information could both increase (strengthening the belief that current behaviour combined with genetic predisposition is putting person at increasing risk of disease) and decrease motivation to change behaviour (weakening belief that changing behaviour will reduce risk of disease because genetic is immutable).
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Fire fighters are exposed to a variety of toxic substances in their profession. Additionally, a tobacco smoke leads to a harmful effect on their respiratory tract. ⋯ Questionnaire analysis showed differences in the presence of COPD symptoms in the subgroups of smokers and nonsmokers. Results of spirometryc analysis indicated lower values of results in FMF25-75%, parameter, which may be explained by an obstruction of an air-flow in medium and small airways.
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Historical Article
[The history of tobacco consumption and nicotine addiction in Europe until the middle of the XXth century].
Tobacco, a plant unknown in the Mediterranean civilization, has made a world-wide carreer in the social and economic areas for the last 500 years. The cultivation of tobacco, although originally taking place mostly in North and South America, quickly spread to the other continents, mainly to Europe and Africa. The huge profit from the cultivation of tobacco, based also on the ruthless exploitation of black slaves brought from Africa, founded the welth of such American states, as Virginia, North Caroline and Louisiana. ⋯ The aforementioned factors created the raising supply of tobacco, which reached its the apogee in the XXth century. On the other hand, the demand for tobacco was the function of unreasonable beliefs in its therapeutic properties, religious prejudices, fashions and social rituals, and most of all by gradually increasing tobacco addiction. The purpose of this study is to analize different factors influencing the consumption of tobacco until the middle of the XXth century.
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Early invasive strategy is one of alternative methods for management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) without persistent ST-segment elevation. ⋯ Early invasive strategy in patients with ACS without ST-segment elevation is efficacious method of treatment. Independent predictors of in-hospital deaths are: Braunwald's IIIC class angina, congestive heart failure, recurrent angina after revascularization, myocardial infarction complicating hospital course. Stent implantation improves in-hospital prognosis.