Przegla̧d lekarski
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The article presents the clinical picture of delirium characterized with acute, fluctuating altered levels of consciousness, inattention and cognitive function disorders. The article is comprised the most popular assessment scales for detecting (CAM - Confusion Assessment Method) and monitoring the course of delirium (DRS-R-98: Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98; DOM: Delirium-O-Meter). ⋯ Categories of recommendation of possible therapeutic intervention are presented with special emphasis being put on interventions that are always beneficial, useful, successful and safe. Moreover, recommendable pharmacological treatment methods (haloperidol, new antipsychotic drugs) as well as non-pharmacological ones (comprising routine screening of cognitive functions, comprehensive medical and nursing care) are described.
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It is known that exposure to smoking cues increases urge to smoke (UTS), but little is known about other media factors that might also increase UTS. We hypothesized that horror/ thriller movies might also increase UTS by increasing negative affect. We surveyed 536 movie patrons who were smokers aged 18 years or older. ⋯ Horror with smoking increased UTS by 2.8 points (95% C. I. 2.3, 3.5); the horror without smoking estimate was 0.88, but not statistically significant. This short report offers preliminary evidence that movie horror as one factor besides visual smoking cues that could increase UTS in a community setting.
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The significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents over past decades caused the concomitant rise in the incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance is present in 10-27% of obese children, while type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 10% of all cases of diabetes in Caucasian adolescents. ⋯ This article presented the influence of obesity on the development and clinical presentation of different types of diabetes and addresses the problems of differential diagnosis of diabetes type in obese children and adolescents. The recommendations for case finding and the treatment options taking into account the pathophysiology underlying hyperglycemia were discussed.
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Smoking is now a serious social problem in Poland and abroad. Unfortunately, adverse effects also affect the businesses in which the crews smoke tobacco. For several years a wide-ranging measures aimed at reducing the population of smoking employees can be observed, unfortunately their results are significantly below expectations. ⋯ Smokers worry about the health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking. Almost half of respondents expressed their willingness to join a program helping in releasing from the addiction of smoking, but a large group of smokers has not shown such an interest. Age and level of education do not affect the motivation to release from the addiction of smoking among smoking employees.
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Case Reports
[Severe nonfatal poisoning after intravenous abuse of transdermal fentanyl--a case report].
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid with short-acting analgesic activity after intravenous or subcutaneous administration. The potency and lipid solubility of fentanyl make it suitable for delivery via the transdermal therapeutic system in the treatment of chronic pain. ⋯ The present case demonstrates the possibility of intravenous abuse of transdermal patches and the risk of severe intoxication. In the cases of suspected fentanyl overdose specific assays should be utilized for the detection of fentanyl because it may not be detected by the routine opiate screening procedure.