Przegla̧d lekarski
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It was estimated that current cigarette smoking will cause about 450 million deaths worldwide in the next fifty years. Reducing current smoking by 50% would avoid 20 to 30 million premature deaths in the first quarter of the century and about 150 million in the second. ⋯ There is evidence that some form of treatment aids an increasing number of successful quit attempts. European experiences concerning schedules of the fight against the tobacco addiction with the use of the treatment aids were described in the paper.
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The new method of treatment of addiction to nicotine "Reduce to Stop" constitutes new possibilities of using the Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). This type of therapy consisting in a significant restriction of the number of cigarettes smoked per day with a simultaneous taking of nicotine preparations constitutes a chance of giving up a habit for smokers who want to quit smoking, but cannot do it or are not ready for it. The clinical research confirmed the effectiveness of this method not only in restricting smoking, but also in increasing the motivation to stop smoking or even total giving up of the habit.
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Estimating the subject's ability to undergo imprisonment and determining whether there are any reasons for delaying or stopping imprisonment, has become a serious problem. Currently the Polish system lacks clear and homogenous opinionating criteria, and the available sources provide only general guidelines. ⋯ This work attempts to define and illustrate the criteria of the Executive Penal Code that are used in evaluating whether imprisonment is to be delayed or stopped. The authors have also provided examples of illnesses that would illustrate those definitions/criteria and came up with a suggested procedure of decision-making to be applied to such cases.
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The ability of the somatosensory system to detect noxious and potentially tissue-damaging stimuli is an important protective mechanism, that involves multiple interacting peripheral and central mechanisms. The postoperative pain is related with surgical procedure irrevocable. The effective relief of pain is of paramount importance to anyone treating patients undergoing surgery. ⋯ These problems are unpleasant for the patient and may prolong hospital stay. Choice of technique will also be influenced by the degree of training and expertise of the staff. The choice of pain-relieving techniques may be influenced by the site of surgery.
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Review
[Bone and joint decade--"mile step" in diagnostics and treatment of movement system diseases?].
Musculoskeletal disorders affect hundreds of millions of people across the world and are the most common causes of severe long-term pain and physical disability. The impact from such disorders on the individual and on society let to propose by WHO for the Decade of the Bone and Joint from 2000 to 2010. The goal of the Decade is to improve the health-related quality of life for people with musculoskeletal disorders throughout the world and this could be achieved by raising awareness of the growing burden of bone and joint diseases on society, promoting prevention and treatment and advancing understanding of musculoskeletal disorders through research. ⋯ In our Department we study problems concerning on traumatology of old patients, multitrauma injury, biomechanics in spinal disorders, in degenerative joint disease and foot diseases. Apart from contemporary imaging methods like US or CT we use pedobarographic diagnostics and fotogrammetric examination. In this study we present strategic goals and the summary of our ongoing projects in our Department related to the goals of the Bone and Joint Decade.