Przegla̧d lekarski
-
One of the frequently encountered problems in the statistical analysis of the data is the correct interpretation of the effects occurring under the influence of some kind of treatment used by the researcher or appearing without its share of action. In the first case we are dealing with an experimental study, in the second with the observational study. ⋯ In the case of an observational study, also called a retrospective study there are often additional factors that modify both assigned to the same groups as well as specific actions for the test results. The article presents an example of the cause of this phenomenon and selected methods of minimizing the mentioned influence.
-
Epidemiology of acquired valvular heart diseases has changed significantly over last decades. Degenerative aortic valve stenosis is the most common acquired valvular disease with high prevalence in elderly population. Another common disorder is ischemic mitral regurgitation secondary to myocardial infarction. ⋯ Discussion about pregnancy should be a part of management of young women with valvular heart disease. Severe valve disorders should be corrected when planning pregnancy. The final management should always be based on collaborative decision made by the patient and health professionals.
-
Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common damage of musculoskeletal system. The incidence of pain of lumbosacral spine is estimated approximately on 60-90% in general population, whereas the incidence of disc herniation in patients experiencing low back pain is about 91%. Despite the high incidence and uncomplicated pathogenesis of disc disease there is a problem with the nomenclature. ⋯ Moreover, the medical and traditional language are used alternately. The authors found in Polish literature more, than 20 terms to describe lumbar disc herniation. All of these terms in the meaning of the authors are used to determine one pathology--mechanical damage to the intervertebral disc and moving the disc material beyond the anatomical area.
-
The main symptom of multiple myeloma (MM) are pathological changes in bone. Imaging techniques are useful in determining the proper stage of the disease, follow-up after treatment and, as highlighted in recent times, in predicting prognosis and prediction. In the near future, radiographic examination of the whole body can be replaced by more sensitive techniques, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the whole body. ⋯ Positron emission tomography (PET) coupled with CT (PET/CT) provides relevant information on the extent of lesions throughout the body, including soft tissues and is the best tool to distinguish active from inactive disease after treatment. Diagnostic imaging technique of PETIMR has the potential for precisely diagnosing in this condition. Prospective use of new imaging techniques in clinical practice in the near future will help to optimize the therapeutic management in individual cases of MM.
-
Review Case Reports
[Acute poisonings and organ donation--case reports and literature review].
Poland is one of the European countries where serious problem of shortage of organ donors is observed. Organ donation from victims following fatal acute intoxications is extremely rare, and there's only several such case reports published in Poland. There's a need to establish guidelines of instrumental confirmatory tests of brain death determination according to acute poisonings. ⋯ Standards of instrumental confirmatory tests in victims following fatal poisonings should be established. Introduction of guidelines concerning donors intensive care procedures that allows successful organ procurement. All organ donations and transplantations from poisoned donors should be registered in national and/or international databases to provide an exchange of experiences and improve understanding of such cases.