Przegla̧d lekarski
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Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common damage of musculoskeletal system. The incidence of pain of lumbosacral spine is estimated approximately on 60-90% in general population, whereas the incidence of disc herniation in patients experiencing low back pain is about 91%. Despite the high incidence and uncomplicated pathogenesis of disc disease there is a problem with the nomenclature. ⋯ Moreover, the medical and traditional language are used alternately. The authors found in Polish literature more, than 20 terms to describe lumbar disc herniation. All of these terms in the meaning of the authors are used to determine one pathology--mechanical damage to the intervertebral disc and moving the disc material beyond the anatomical area.
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The main symptom of multiple myeloma (MM) are pathological changes in bone. Imaging techniques are useful in determining the proper stage of the disease, follow-up after treatment and, as highlighted in recent times, in predicting prognosis and prediction. In the near future, radiographic examination of the whole body can be replaced by more sensitive techniques, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the whole body. ⋯ Positron emission tomography (PET) coupled with CT (PET/CT) provides relevant information on the extent of lesions throughout the body, including soft tissues and is the best tool to distinguish active from inactive disease after treatment. Diagnostic imaging technique of PETIMR has the potential for precisely diagnosing in this condition. Prospective use of new imaging techniques in clinical practice in the near future will help to optimize the therapeutic management in individual cases of MM.
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Clinical Trial
Influence of inhaled nicotine source on arterial stiffness.
Tobacco smoking leads to changes in hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. It has a direct influence on the elasticity of blood vessels and increases arterial stiffness, which can result in development of atherosclerosis. Data show that the nicotine in tobacco smoke probably is responsible for these changes. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were supposedly a healthier alternative to combustible cigarettes because they imitate a process of cigarettes smoking but generate nicotine aerosol without the toxic substances from tobacco combustion. However, the use of e-cigarettes is still controversial because their toxicity, safety and long term use health impact have not been sufficiently studied. ⋯ In contrast to conventional cigarette use, the use of electronic cigarettes causes no changes in arterial stiffness. This may indicate lower bioavailability of nicotine from the e-cigarette or an additional effect of other substances present in cigarette smoke but absent in an e-cigarette aerosol.
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Acute respiratory distress together with hypoxia could be an indication for admission to intensive care unit. It may also lead to acute kidney injury. In addition, mechanical ventilation may be an additional factor for development of acute kidney injury. ⋯ Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 22% of patients with acute respiratory distress, while 12% required renal replacement therapy, it was more often observed in patients with estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Length of stay was similar irrespective of kidney function, however, the mortality was significantly higher in patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, particularly in those on hemodialyses. In addition, mortality was associated with older age and sepsis.
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Ketosis in children may result from physiological adaptation to situations like fasting, fat-rich diet, straining physical activity, as well as from serious endocrine or metabolic disorders. The most frequently diagnosed cause of ketoacidosis are states of acetonemia and acetonuria with vomiting, during airways infections. ⋯ In some children acetonemic vomiting is recurrent, and thus prophylactic management is im- portant in children who are at risk.