Przegla̧d lekarski
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In the last years the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has rapidly increased. The presence of cardiovascular complications, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are the results of delayed diagnosis. ⋯ Heart failure was present in 20% and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in 21% of them. The other diabetic complications diagnosed in this group were: microalbuminuria (43%), proteinuria (27%), simple retinopathy (64%), proliferative retinopathy (21%), and peripheral neuropathy in 40 of patients.
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting belong to fairly frequent postoperative complications, but they occupy a distant position on the list of complications, which most probably result from a general conviction that they do not pose a direct threat to patients. ⋯ (1) PONV is more frequent in women than in men. The same refers to non-smokers, suffering from migraine headaches, motion sickness, as well as obesity and suffering from PONV earlier. (2) The frequency of postoperative vomiting in the patients with nausea is higher by 65.2% than in the patients without nausea. (3) A clear relation between the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting occurrence and the type of operative procedure was noticed. It was the strongest in the sick who underwent orthopedic procedures. (4) The correlation between anesthesia induction agents and PONV was not observed.
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Diagnosis of the focal epilepsy is possible even based on the clinical history. More precise identification of bioelectrical focus, type of epileptic attack and type of epilepsy requires EEG or videoEEG analysis. ⋯ (1) EEG patterns in children with partial epilepsy were dominated by localized and lateralized changes. EEG was crucial for localization of bioelectric foci especially in children with normal MRI. (2) Focal EEG changes were significantly more often in children with hippocampal sclerosis. (3) In terms of localization HMRS were more compatible with EEG than with MRI findings. HMRS examination is strongly indicated especially in children with EEG localized discharges and with normal brain MRI.
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Comparative Study
[Mental processing in primary headache in children and adolescents].
Headaches in children and adolescents are the most common complaints in neurological practice. More than 90% of those are diagnosed as having migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Memory disturbances are the most frequently observed symptoms in these patients. Event related potentials ( ERP), especially P300 potential reflect the processes of perception and cognition. The aim of these studies was to answer two questions: whether children and adolescents suffering from headache, especially migraine, show cognitive impairment in headache pain free period in comparison to healthy controls, and secondly what kind of factors can influence it. ⋯ Prolongation of N1 latency and the rise of N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 amplitudes confirm the presence of cognitive disturbances mostly in children and adolescents suffering from migraine.
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In pregancy complicated by cigarette smoking prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance may have a pathomorphological and pathophysiological effect in fetus. Efficient enzymatic antioxidant systems are natural factors protecting cells from damaging by free oxygen species. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase in umbilical cord blood of newborns. ⋯ In erythrocytes of newborns from smoking mothers activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly correlated with concentration of cotinine (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). The similar correlation was not observed in red blood cells of non-smoking ones. Our results indicate that tobacco smoking during pregnancy may have a negative effect on enzymatic antioxidant systems in umbilical cord blood.