Przegla̧d lekarski
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Historical Article
[The history of antitobacco actions in the last 500 years. Part. II. Medical actions].
Tobacco was brought to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who discovered it in Cuba in October, 1492. Spread of tobacco consumption was initiated by the French diplomat Jean Nicot de Villemain, who in 1560 recommended it in the form of powdered tobacco leaves to the French Queen Catherine de Medice to combat her migraine headaches, and introduced the term Nicotiana tobaccum. Tobacco consumption greatly rose after the I World War, and after the II World War it became very common, especially among man. ⋯ In this period, especially in the 19th century dominated moral and religious arguments against tobacco. In the 20th century however, and particularly in its second part, development in medical research was enhanced by civil voluntary actions against advertisement and passive smoking. This lead to the significant limitation of tobacco expansion in Europe, USA and Canada in the end of the 20th century.
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On 27 June 1994 a Japanese terrorist group, Aum Shinrikyo, released sarin in Matsumoto. Some 600 people were exposed: 58 were admitted to six hospitals and all recovered: seven casualties living close to the sarin release died outside hospital. This release followed an earlier attempt by Aum Shinrikyo to use sarin to kill the head of a religious sect perceived as a threat. ⋯ Over 5000 "casualties" sought medical attention of whom 984 were moderately poisoned and 54 were severely poisoned; 12 died. Despite some initial difficulties, Japanese emergency units and local hospitals were able to respond reasonably rapidly. Analysis of the events reveals a number of important lessons for authorities as well as physicians to consider when preparing for such incidents.
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Antidote ethanol is the basic treatment in ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning. EG ingestion is occasionally combined with ethanol. The objective was to evaluate the course of intoxications due to concurrent EG and ethanol ingestion. ⋯ Because of high-ingested dose six patients received haemodialysis. All seven patients from our study survived. The course and outcome of EG intoxication in this group of patients was very probably positively influenced by concurrent ingestion of EG and ethanol.
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Pelvic fractures determine one from greatest diagnostic and therapeutic problems in complex of multiple injures. Pelvic fractures observes one-self at 20-30% patients with multiple injures of the body. These injuries are attended for prognostic factor of severity status in this to group of patients. ⋯ One turned also attention on necessity wider usages of angiographic investigations of pelvic blood vessels and their immobilisation. One acknowledged that conduct according to worked out algorithms arranges and makes easy process of diagnosis and treatments. One confirmed advantages early closed reposition of pelvic fractures and their external stabilisation at unstable patients, as intervention saving life.