Przegla̧d lekarski
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Amitriptyline is a potent anticholinergics, rarely used as a drug of abuse. Two cases of amitriptyline dependency lasting for almost twelve months were described. According to the patients the abuse with amitriptyline guarantee them safety not to be uncovered by parents and doctors who systematically checked their urine with typical narcotic tests. ⋯ Antidepressants should be treated as a drugs with possible abuse ability.
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186 case records of patients who overdosed pharmaceuticals (confirmed by toxicological lab analysis) hospitalized at the Department of Clinical Toxicology during three months of 2000 were analyzed for age, sex, type of medication, reason for poisoning (intentional or accidental overdosing). Patients poisoned with prescription medication (Rx group) were compared with those who overdosed nonprescription (OTC-group) medications (alone or combined with Rx). Relative frequency of medication drug poisoning was highest in the 40-49 age group (28.5%) and was followed by the group of young adults (20-29 years; 24.2%). ⋯ Most adults attempting suicide used Rx with the highest incidence in the 40-49 age group (31.1%). Adolescents (14-19 years) with female over-representation ingested rather OTC pharmaceuticals (40.9%). Acetaminophen (alone or combined with benzodiazepines or/and ethanol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most common OTC medications used for deliberate self-poisoning.
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Amanita phalloides is a direct life-threatening poisoning because of acute multiorgan failure. Urgent liver transplantation (LTx) is the last chance to save patient's life in severe cases. In many cases of mushroom poisoning the patient dies because of unavailability of a liver graft. Liver albumin dialysis (MARS) is a promising treatment to bridge the patient to LTx or stabilize his or her condition until spontaneous liver regeneration occurs. ⋯ Liver albumin dialysis may be effective in severe Amanita phalloides poisoning to stabilize the condition of a patient until spontaneous liver regeneration occurs or as a bridge to LTx. In cases of a family poisoning, proper coordination and cooperation among toxicology departments and transplant centers is required.
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The pathogenesis of primary headaches is differential, with a neurogenic inflammation participation. ⋯ 1. Changes of the level of IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF and sTNFRI in the blood of children with idiopathic headache do not indicate a significant role of inflammatory process in its pathogenesis. 2. Although the significant increase in IL-6 levels observed in several children in the first hour of the migraine attack may suggest that neurogenic inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of migraine.
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An integration of clinical and forensic toxicologist society enjoys its 40-year tradition. A practice in this field proves that the cooperation can be fruitful in both the scientific and preventative and organizational areas provided the concentration of the participants' efforts is focused. The article shows the examples of such collaboration, the illustration of which are the presented works. The articles constitute the original papers and casuistic works as well concerning problems of contemporary toxicology such as: epidemiology of poisoning, complex evaluation of ethanol, carbon monoxide, pesticides, drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals and other poisonings.