Przegla̧d lekarski
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Ethanol is commonly overused psychoactive substance in Poland and all around the world. It causes addiction, which occurs as a result of its chronic administration. One of the main symptoms of addiction is hunger due to psychoactive substance that prevents interruption of its adoption and contributes to relapse drinking. Acute poisoning with ethyl alcohol and alcohol withdrawal syndrome are diseases causing a potential danger to life. The prevalence of use and abuse of alcoholic beverages is a potential risk, causing health problems, including permanent damage of the central and peripheral nervous system and socio-economic problems. ⋯ Ethyl alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal represents a significant hazard. As a result of reliance, patients lose control of alcohol consumption and they cannot reduce the amount and the time of its adoption. Reducing the dose of alcohol can lead to unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that the patient eliminate by adopting another dose. Typical is to continue the alcohol consumption despite knowledge of its harmful health and difficulties such as professional (problems at work or loss), financial (lack of livelihood, poverty) and interpersonal (loss of friends, marriage breakdown, loss of relationships with relatives).
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Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the most common drugs used by adolescents. There is evidence of co-occurrence of alcohol use by young people with taking other problem behaviors, little is known about the causes of drinking depending on the type and severity of different substances use. Aim of the study is to find differences in the structure and the rank of drinking motives among people who smoke cigarettes or use marijuana. ⋯ The strongest reasons for alcohol drinking among adolescent's tobacco smokers and cannabis users are social motives. Smokers are more likely to drink alcohol in order to cope with the problems, and among adolescents who use marijuana more important reason of drinking is to improve good mood. Ranking of drinking motives varies according to gender.
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Intracranial hypertension is a common life-threatening syndrome caused by a variety of neurological and non-neurological diseases. Enlargement of the optic nerve sheath has been described in patients with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Optic nerve sonography offers rapid bedside assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and has recently been introduced for the noninvasive detection of raised ICP. This study explains the pathophysiology of optic nerve sheath enlargement as a result of intracranial hypertension, describes the technique and clinical use of optic nerve sonography.
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Methoxetamine (MXE) is a novel synthetic drug, structurally related to phencyclidine, with ketamine-like properties. Available in Poland since 2010, with no legal control, is adverti. sed as the "ideal dissociation drug". The aim of this study was to present a case of nasal methoxetamine acute poisoning in a 28-year-old man, the course of treatment, and the method of identification of this substance in serum and urine. ⋯ The period of acute poisoning was covered by amnesia. The MXE concentrations in serum and urine were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method, and were respectively 270 ng/ml and 660 ng/ml. Confirmed MXE poisoning increases our knowledge about this new substance, providing relevant clinical and analytical data.
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The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) at neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is estimated as 6-24%. Traditional AKI markers i.e. serum creatinine (SCr) concentration, fractional sodium exertion, urine sodium concentration and renal failure index--are low sensitivity and low specificity markers but beside remain very late ones. ⋯ The most current reports about chosen AKI biomarkers in newborns with uncomplicated clinical course and in children with AKI within the course of sepsis or after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery--were discussed. Disposing of the reliable clinical data referring to early AKI biomarkers constitutes a valuable aid for clinicians who having got to know about the actual risk possess the time for proper clinical interventions.