Przegla̧d lekarski
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Brain injury due to hypoxia, trauma, stroke, poisoning, and other pathological conditions may result in chronic disorders of consciousness in the form of vegetative state (VS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). VS is a condition defining patients who have awaken from coma, open eyes spontaneously or on command, but still are not aware of themselves or their environment, showing only a reflex motor responses. MCS is a condition in which patients are not able to communicate consistently, but they are not already in the VS, because of evident signs of awareness of themselves and the environment. The paper discusses the diagnostic criteria, etiology as well as diagnostic procedures and treatment of VS and MCS
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely asymptomatic, and establishing the diagnosis in thisin creasingly common disorder currently hinges on functional biomarkers such as serum creatinine. Early neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) measurements can identify patients with sub-clinical AKI who have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, even in the absence of diagnostic increases in serum creatinine. ⋯ Also numerous studies have also demonstrated that NGAL may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prediction, prevention, and prognosis of non-AKI diseases such as chronic kidney diseases, vascular disorders, cancer, preeclampsia, and allergies. The current status of the most promising of novel biomarkers in medicin as NGAL is appraised in this review.
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We present a case of acute nutmeg poisoning used for recreational purposes. Poisoning had a stormy clinical course with symptoms of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and nervous system. The widespread availability of nutmeg suggests that real number of these poisonings may be underestimated in our country.
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Case Reports
[Metformin poisoning--clinical features, diagnostics and treatment--case presentations].
Metformin has been used for many years as oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus either in Poland or in the world. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed agent, but acute poisonings of this agent are rare. ⋯ Physician must be vigilant to recognize anti-hyperglycaemic agent poisonings like biguanides when hypoglycaemia and acidosis are present in laboratory results. We present patients with metformin toxicity, some of them with fatal course.
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is multifactorial disease with unknown ethiology. Among the theories on the pathogenesis of AAA are some ge. netic factors, infections, disorders in connective tissue (collagenosis), arteriosclerosis, inflammation, incorrect immune response (autoimmunity). It was discovered that crucial for AAA development is intense inflammatory reaction combined with high proteolytic activity. ⋯ Interestingly, there was not any association between OPN levels in the urine and clinical parameters, risk factors and morbidity, including kidney diseases. inflammatory role of OPN and depicts better reflection of inflammatory reaction of OPN than OPG in both group of patients. Plasma OPG levels in AAA patients are more associated with coronary artery disease than with peripheral artery disease, what is characteristic for LS patients. Lack of association of urine OPN levels with above mentioned parameters suggest minor importance of this urine protein in clinical condition evaluation of patients with AAA and advanced arteriosclerosis.