Health devices
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In-line blood/solution warmers are used in many clinical procedures to warm refrigerated and room temperature fluids as they are infused into the patient. Warming fluids such as whole blood, blood products, intravenous (IV) solutions, and irrigation solutions helps to maintain the patient's core body temperature, thus minimizing adverse thermal reactions (e.g., hypothermia). In this study, we evaluated nine in-line blood/solution warmers from seven manufacturers. ⋯ Also, we describe the technologies used in these devices, as well as the safety issues associated with their use. The Selection, Purchasing, and Use Guide at the end of the Evaluation provides guidance to help facilities (1) assess their blood/solution warming needs, (2) choose the systems that will best meet their needs, and (3) use these systems effectively. This study also includes the supplementary article, "Maximum Blood Warming Temperature-How Hot Is Too Hot?"