Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Mar 2008
In vitro and in vivo neuromuscular effects of atracurium and rocuronium in rats treated with carbamazepine for seven days.
This experimental study investigated the in vitro and in vivo neuromuscular blockade of rocuronium and atracurium in rats treated with carbamazepine and determined the concentration of cytochrome P450 and b5 reductase in hepatic microsomes. ⋯ Seven-day treatment with carbamazepine did not change the neuromuscular blockade produce by atracurium, but altered the in vitro effects of rocuronium. The duration of the treatment was not enough to cause enzymatic induction and decrease the sensitivity to rocuronium.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jan 2008
Comparative Study Controlled Clinical TrialProphylactic antiemetic therapy for acute abdominal surgery. A comparative study of droperidol, metoclopramide, tropisetron, granisetron and dexamethasone.
It is calculated that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is approximately 30%. The prophylaxis of PONV has been the subject of several studies, both to decrease this problem and to compare the cost-benefit ration of the treatment used. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 5 antiemetic drugs with a control group in emergency appendectomy. ⋯ Low doses of droperidol were more effective in the prophylaxis of PONV in emergency appendectomy than the other drugs.
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The incidence of intraoperative pulmonary collapse is elevated in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation/paralysis. This complication is associated with worsening intraoperative gas exchange and, in some cases, the need for prolonged postoperative respiratory support. The objective of this report was to review the pathophysiological aspects of atelectasis during general anesthesia and possible therapeutic maneuvers that could prevent and treat this complication. ⋯ Understanding of the mechanisms related with the development of intraoperative pulmonary collapse, as well as its treatment, can contribute to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, the length of recovery and hospital costs.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jan 2008
Case ReportsUltrasound-guided ileoinguinal and ileohypogastric nerve block associated with general anesthesia. Case report.
Outpatient surgeries are becoming more frequent. Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block has been used in postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia increases the accuracy of deposition of the local anesthetic around the nerves. The objective of this report was to present a case of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block for outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve block in patients undergoing outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy can be done as an aid to postoperative analgesia.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Dec 2007
[Oxygen concentrators: evolution of inspired concentration of oxygen and repercussions in an anesthetized patient with CO2 absorber system. Pilot study.].
Resolution 1355/92 of the Conselho Federal de Medicina approved minimal standards for the installation and operation of oxygen concentrators (PSA) and recommended University Hospitals to undertake a prospective analysis in order to improve the system. It motivated this pilot study whose objective was to determine the clinical viability of using PSA oxygen by analyzing the variation in oxygen concentration in the fresh gas flow (FGF) outlet and in the inspired concentration of oxygen. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the use of PSA oxygen, within the conditions proposed for the experiment, is safe and induced a progressive increase in O(2)93 in the FGF and of FiO2.