Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských
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Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských · Jan 2019
. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma - typical but underdiagnosed pathology of nasal cavity and sinuses.
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is relatively new diagnosis, firstly described in WHO tumour classification in 2005. It is a benign lesion affecting nose and paranasal sinuses. Although REAH was considered a rare entity, it is recently more frequently revealed in histopathological exam in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis. ⋯ Considering quite frequent occurrence of REAH in patients with nasal polyposis and low awareness of the disease itself among ENT specialists, pathologists and radiologists it is still relatively underdiagnosed lesion. The possibility of misdiagnosis and confusion with other more serious diseases like inverted papilloma or low-grade adenocarcinoma is of clinical importance. It may lead to overtreatment and too aggressive surgical therapy.
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Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských · Jan 2019
Artificial intelligence and modern information and communication technologies entering medicine.
Many new technologies based on computer technologies which are very successful in industry spread over the medicine and became integral part of all its disciplines. Artificial intelligence opened new possibilities for managing and solving many problems in both - theoretical and practical health care. ⋯ They are capable to analyze not only enormous amounts of data (big data) in an extremely short time but also these processes of analyses are easily improved by machine itself (machine learning). Examples of AI application in several medical disciplines and itinerary for Electronic Health Records adoption in the Czech health care are listed.
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Currently, patients are evaluated by a psychiatrist using the phenomenological classification then, first-line treatment is initiated according to the diagnosis; however, this approach is associated with a high rate of etiopathogenetic heterogeneity. The development of mental disorders is likely determined by combined effects of genetic predisposition and environmental adversity. Inter-mutual interaction is regulated by epigenetics processes which determine transcription and translation of gens to corresponding proteins. ⋯ An example is schizophrenia, the most severe mental disorder and prototype of psychotic disorder. The current definition of schizophrenia lacks a biological validity, which is stimulating an effort to alternatively define the psychotic disorders on the base of biomarkers. The goal of integration knowledge from biomedical research and clinical practice is providing more accurate diagnosis and the tailored treatment for each individual patient.