Revue médicale suisse
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The year 2015 was marked by several publications questioning the practice of emergency medicine. The systematic administration of oxygen in STEMI patients offers no benefit. Similarly, medical expulsive therapy in patients with ureteric stones was questioned. ⋯ Several studies have demonstrated the benefit combining intraarterial and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. However, studies assessing optimal management strategy for patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia, showed conflicting results. Finally, these developments occur in the context of an aging population and increase of pre-hospital management for the elderly, raising the question of how to reduce hospital admissions in this population.
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In 2015, the publication of important studies allowed the development of new guidelines, notably by WHO and the European AIDS ClinicalSociety (EACS), for HIV preventive treatment (pre-exposure prophylaxis), as well as for the start of antiretroviral treatment. The START and TEMPRANO studies have extended the treatment to all HIV-infected patients, irrespective of the level of immunosuppression and therefore the CD4 count. In addition, innovative screening methods, such as self-tests, are now available in all French pharmacies since 15 September 2015. The latest developments in 2015 concerning the prevention, screening, and treatment of HIV are discussed in this article and will certainly have an impact on the care of patients in Switzerland.