Archivos españoles de urología
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To evaluate the need to perform renal ultrasound (US) in adult patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN). ⋯ The low incidence of ultrasonographic findings does not justify the practice of renal US to every patient with APN. In patients with persistent fever longer than 72 hours, antecedents of anomalies of the urinary tract, antecedents of renal lithiasis, pregnancy, atypical clinic or diabetes mellitus, there is a higher incidence of pathological US findings that justify a change in the therapeutic approach. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.