Archivos españoles de urología
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To report one case of emphysematous cystitis and to review its diagnosis and treatment in the related literature. ⋯ Emphysematous cystitis is a rare entity, most common in diabetic women, which results from infection of the urinary bladder with gas-producing pathogens, mainly E.coli. Clinical presentation is variable. Emphysematous cystitis can be diagnosed radiologically, mainly with CT scan. The management consists of broad-spectrum antibiotics, strict glycemic control and bladder drainage. Emphysematous cystitis usually has a benign course, but complications may arise in up to 10-20% of cases, requiring surgical treatment.