Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Feb 1995
Review[Phase III studies of combined chemotherapy and radiation in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and limited small-cell lung cancer].
Large phase III studies for lung cancer are reviewed. In an effort to improve survival results in locally advanced inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), several studies have documented survival advantage for cisplatin + vinka alkaloid followed by radiotherapy (RT) when compared with RT alone. In SCLC, meta-analyses show that thoracic radiotherapy moderately improves survival in patients who are treated with combination chemotherapy. The optimum combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy needs to be established.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Feb 1995
Multicenter Study Clinical Trial[The clinical phase I study of TNP-351. The TNP-351 Research Committee].
The clinical phase I study of TNP-351, an antifolate drug having a novel structure, was performed through a multicenter cooperative program in 40 patients with solid tumors. The test drug was used on dosage schedules of single and daily doses for 5 or 3 days (by intravenous drip over 30 minutes, respectively). From the daily administration for 5 days, severe adverse reactions such as myelosuppression, became manifest at 5 mg/m2 (1n). ⋯ On the 3-day daily administration schedule, the test drug was not accumulated in vivo. In the present study, two patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma responded to the test drug with tumor regression. The results suggested that the recommended dosage regimen for the clinical early phase II study of the test drug should comprise a course of 9 mg/m2/day (by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes) every day for 3 days, which should be repeated every 3 weeks.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Feb 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[5-FU concentrations in the blood and tumor tissue after 5'-DFUR or UFT administration in the patients with uterine cervical cancer].
In order to verify the antitumor activity of fluorinated pyrimidine drugs, we conducted an investigation of the clinical pharmacology with two drugs, 5'-DFUR and UFT. Total 21 cases of cervical cancer were alloted randomly into 5'-DFUR group (daily dose 800 mg for 3 days) consisting of 11 patients and UFT group (daily dose 600 mg for 3 days) consisting of 10 patients, the unchanged substances (5'-DFUR in the 5'-DFUR group and tegafur concentrations in the UFT group) and 5-FU concentrations in serum and tissues were measured 6 hours after administration of the drugs. The 5'-DFUR concentration in the 5'-DFUR group was not detected in serum and less than a detectable limit for all of cancerous tissues, normal cervical tissues, and lymph nodes. ⋯ The 5-FU concentrations in the 5'-DFUR treated group were 0.018 +/- 0.046 micrograms/g for cancerous tissues, but less than a detectable limit for serum and normal cervical tissues. On the other hand, in the UFT group, 0.271 +/- 0.247 micrograms/g for a cancerous tissue, 0.035 +/- 0.018 micrograms/ml for serum, 0.125 +/- 0.073 micrograms/g for normal cervical tissues, showing significantly high values (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively) compared to those in the 5'-DFUR treated group. These results suggest that UFT is a promising drug for the treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix.
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Recently many reports have shown a strong association between Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach and recurrent peptic ulcer. Moreover, prospective cohort serological studies showed that H. pylori infected individuals have significantly increased rate of gastric cancer in the USA. H. pylori is a gram-negative spiral organism which has urease activity and produces ammonia and CO2 from urea, and nestles in the gastric pits and overlaying mucus gel layer. ⋯ The consensus panel concluded that 1. ulcer patients with H. pylori infection require treatment with antimicrobial agents in addition to antisecretory drugs whether on first presentation with the illness or on recurrence; 2. the value of treating nonulcerative dyspepsia patients with H. pylori infection remains to be determined; and 3. the interesting relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer requires further exploration. (2) World Health Organization: Working Group Meeting (Reported in World Congress of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles, 1994). H. pylori plays a causal role in the chain of events leading to cancer of the stomach. Group I: definite carcinogen.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Feb 1995
Clinical Trial[The prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis with granisetron and clonazepam].
The antiemetic efficacy of a combination of granisetron and clonazepam was investigated in 39 gynecological cancer patients treated with cisplatin. Granisetron (3 mg/body/day) was administered by intravenous drip infusion before and 24 hours after anticancer drug administration, and clonazepam was taken orally twice a day. ⋯ Delayed emesis occurred in 38% (13/34), but the degree of nausea was mild. Clinically, antiemetic therapy with a combination of granisetron and clonazepam demonstrated superior antiemetic effects and seems to be useful for controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.