Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy
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Carcinomas of unknown primary are cancers that are pathologically diagnosed as carcinomas based on the findings of metastatic lesion biopsy but in which the primary site remains unknown even after thorough and detailed examinations. In the clinical setting, pathological diagnosis and diagnostic imaging are very important for cases of carcinoma of unknown primary. ⋯ In clinical practice, it is very important not to miss cases of favorable prognosis group, which is 20% of unknown cancer. Recently, microarray studies have been performed for cases of carcinoma of unknown primary.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Jul 2014
[Enzalutamide-a novel androgen receptor inhibitor that provides treatment options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer].
The recent emergence of new hormonal or chemotherapeutic drugs has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC). Enzalutamide is a rationally designed, orally administered androgen receptor(AR)inhibitor. It inhibits multiple points in the androgen receptor signalling pathway, which is considered an important driver of CRPC, including the inhibition of androgen binding to the AR, nuclear translocation of the AR complex, and binding of the AR complex to deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). ⋯ An interim analysis recently demonstrated the significant benefits of enzalutamide over the placebo considering both OS and rPFS. In light of these results, the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC)advised terminating the study early, and suggested treating the patients in the placebo group with enzalutamide. This paper reviews the developmental history of enzalutamide, its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, as well as available efficacy and tolerability data yielded in clinical trials of patients with CRPC.