Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2004
Physiologically-based minimal model of agitation-sedation dynamics.
Agitation-sedation cycling in critically ill patients, characterized by oscillations between states of agitation and over-sedation, damages patient health and increases length of stay and cost. The model presented captures the essential dynamics of the agitation-sedation system, is physiologically representative, and is validated by accurately simulating patient response for 37 critical care patients. The model provides a platform to develop and test controllers that offer the potential of improved agitation management.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2004
A wireless ECG system for continuous event recording and communication to a clinical alarm station.
Development of new wearable biomedical sensors within a wireless infrastructure opens up possibilities for new telemedical applications leading to significant improvements in continuous monitoring, and thereby to better quality of patient care. In this paper we describe a new concept for a wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) system intended for continuous monitoring of ECG activity especially designed for arrhythmia diagnostic purposes. The patient is wearing an ECG sensor, "a smart electronic electrode", with wireless transmission of ECG signals to a dedicated hand held device (HHD). ⋯ Based on this, the device will transmit alarm conditions to a remote clinical alarm station (CAS). The system will act as a continuous event recorder, which can be used to follow up patients who have survived cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia or cardiac syncope but also for diagnostic purposes for patients with diffuse arrhythmia symptoms. This paper describes the principle design requirements for the new wireless ECG sensor and system design for the HHD in order to transfer detected alarms to the CAS.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2004
Lifeguard--a personal physiological monitor for extreme environments.
Monitoring vital signs in applications that require the subject to be mobile requires small, lightweight, and robust sensors and electronics. A body-worn system should be unobtrusive, noninvasive, and easy-to-use. It must be able to log vital signs data for several hours as well as transmit it on demand in real-time using secure wireless technologies. The NASA Ames Research Center (Astrobionics) and Stanford University (National Center for Space Biological Technologies) are currently developing a wearable physiological monitoring system for astronauts, called LifeGuard, that meets all of the above requirements and is also applicable to clinical, home-health monitoring, first responder and military applications.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2004
The square peg and the round hole: Murphy's Law and medical device connections.
Engineers have long been aware of Murphy's Law: If anything can go wrong, it will. When applied to medical device design, Murphy's Law indicates that if there is a way that a medical device can be set up incorrectly then someday, somewhere it will be set up incorrectly. ⋯ This paper focuses on electrical and other connectors incorporated into medical device designs. Examples of potential and actual misconnections, from the earliest days of clinical engineering to the present, are presented and discussed.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2004
A comprehensive physiological model of circulation enables automatic piloting of hemodynamics in patients with acute heart failure.
A comprehensive physiological model of the whole circulation is mandatory to quantitatively diagnose pathophysiology and to guide an appropriate treatment. Such a model would enable automatic piloting of hemodynamics in patients with acute heart failure. By extending Guyton's model, so as to deal with heart failure predominantly affecting left heart and to quantify left atrial pressure, we constructed such a model consisting of a venous return (VR) surface and a cardiac output (CO) curve. ⋯ Using these, we could accurately predict CO (y = 0.93x + 6.5, r2 = 0.96, Figure 2), P(RA) (y = 0.87x + 0.4, r2 = 0.91) and P(LA) (y = 0.90x + 0.48, r2 = 0.93). Our comprehensive physiological model of circulation is useful in accurately predicting hemodynamics from the measurement of a single set of CO, P(RA) and (P(LA) following blood volume changes. Therefore, this model enables continuous monitoring of blood volume and pump performance for automatic hemodynamic piloting.