Anesthesiology and pain medicine
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Blood loss in spine surgery is an important issue, even though it has been understudied compared with hip and knee arthroplasty. ⋯ As an oral premedication, clonidine can reduce surgical blood loss in lumbar spine posterior fusion surgery, even at the same levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) with the control group. Its use can be studied in more complicated spine surgeries, such as scoliosis and spinal deformity surgeries.
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The control of postoperative pain is important in children, and poor pain control leads to organ dysfunction and behavioral problems. ⋯ Patients in the bupivacaine infiltration and caudal block groups had less postoperative pain than those in the acetaminophen group and received lower amount of meperidine. We concluded that in children, bupivacaine infiltration and caudal block with bupivacaine produce better analgesia than suppository acetaminophen. It seems that bupivacaine infiltration is better than caudal block because of its simplicity, lower incidence of complications, and failure rate.
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Pain control in children is still a therapeutic dilemma. Preschool patients are affected from undesirable effects of postoperative pain more than adults. Tonsillectomy is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain, not only complicating the recovery, but also delaying patients discharge. ⋯ The study demonstrated that the both subcutaneous and intravenous injections of ketamine, at the end of the operation, were safe and effective for post-tonsillectomy pain control. Ketamine reduced postoperative analgesic medications consumption without increasing the risk of complications.
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Several medications have been proposed as the first line drugs in the treatment of migraine attack. However, the low efficacy, potential complications of medications and the intolerance of some patients for oral route due to nausea and vomiting establish a difficult situation in some migraine patients. This report describes a dramatic pain relief with 60 mg of intravenous propofol in a patient with migraine attack refractory to treatment with metoclopramide, promethazine, dexamethasone and meperidine. Pain relief in this patient besides earlier case reports suggests that subanesthetic doses of propofol may be an alternative to other treatment modalities for acute migraine.
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Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the common problems after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ⋯ Intravenous injection of 8 mg Dexamethasone or 3 mg Granisetron before anesthesia induction had similar effects in prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.