The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Oct 1997
Meta AnalysisPsyllium-enriched cereals lower blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol, in hypercholesterolemic adults: results of a meta-analysis.
We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of consumption of psyllium-enriched cereal products on blood total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and to estimate the magnitude of the effect among 404 adults with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia (TC of 5.17-7.8 mmol/L) who consumed a low fat diet. Studies of psyllium cereals were identified by a computerized search of MEDLINE and Current Contents and by contacting United States-based food companies involved in psyllium research. Published and unpublished studies were reviewed by one author and considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis if they were conducted in humans, were randomized, controlled experiments, and included a control group that ate cereal providing
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This study identifies age-specific factors related to new cases of stunting that develop in Filipino children from birth to 24 mo of age. Data come from nearly 3000 participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a community-based study conducted from 1983 to 1995. Length, morbidity, feeding and health-related data were collected bimonthly during home visits. ⋯ Breast-feeding, preventive health care and taller maternal stature significantly decreased the likelihood of stunting. Males were more likely to become stunted in the first year, whereas females were more likely to become stunted in the second year of life. Because stunting is strongly related to poor functional outcomes such as impaired intellectual development during childhood, and to short stature in adulthood, these results emphasize the need for prevention of growth retardation through promotion of prenatal care and breast-feeding, as well as control of infectious diseases.
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The Journal of nutrition · Nov 1996
beta-Hydroxybutyrate oxidation is reduced and hepatic balance of ketone bodies and free fatty acids is unaltered in carnitine-depleted, pivalate-treated rats.
These experiments were designed to determine whether carnitine depletion in the rat due to pivalate administration causes reduced beta-hydroxybutyrate oxidation and alterations in hepatic balance of ketone bodies and free fatty acids, relative to control rats. Male rats were given 20 mmol/L sodium pivalate for 2 wk to induce a secondary carnitine deficiency. Control animals were given 20 mmol/L sodium bicarbonate in their drinking water. ⋯ No significant differences were seen between the two treatment groups for either ketone bodies or free fatty acids. We conclude that the higher plasma ketone concentrations seen in food-deprived, pivalate-treated rats were due to a lower rate of ketone utilization. No evidence of pivalate influence upon ketone production was found.
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The Journal of nutrition · Apr 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEnteral glutamine supplementation for the very low birthweight infant: plasma amino acid concentrations.
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The Journal of nutrition · Apr 1996
Gut endogenous nitrogen and amino acid excretions in adult domestic cats fed a protein-free diet or an enzymatically hydrolyzed casein-based diet.
Ileal and fecal gut endogenous nitrogen and amino acid excretions in adult domestic cats were determined. Ileal digesta were collected (10 cm of terminal ileum) from the cats fed either a protein-free diet or an enzymatically hydrolyzed casein-based diet (free amino acids and peptides < 10,000 Da) for 1 wk. Chromic oxide was included in each diet as an indigestible marker. ⋯ Most of the endogenous fecal amino acid excretions were unaffected by the inclusion of the antibiotics in the protein-free diet, although bacterial numbers were significantly lower (69%). Antibiotics addition led to significantly higher fecal endogenous excretions of nitrogen, taurine, threonine, serine and histidine but significantly lower excretions of methionine and lysine. Cats, like other simple-stomached mammals, excrete higher amounts of endogenous amino acids at the terminal ileum when the diet contains peptides.