The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
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Inpatient hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The length of hospital stay and cost of care is higher for patients with diabetes than for others. ⋯ In view of risk of severe hypoglycemia with near normal blood glucose target, latest consensus is to adopt a less stringent target of 140-180 mg/dl. The development of insulin analogs with more physiologic time-action profiles, improved insulin delivery systems, and standardized protocols for subcutaneous insulin administration and intravenous insulin infusion have improved the safety and convenience of insulin therapy for treating inpatients.
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J Assoc Physicians India · Apr 2011
ReviewEmerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic disorders, with increasing prevalence worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifaceted disease involving multiple pathophysiological defects, accounts for nearly 85-95% of total reported cases of DM. Chances of developing T2DM are increased by obesity and physical inactivity and are augmented further with age. ⋯ Clinical trials have shown that vildagliptin is effective in significantly lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and prandial glucose levels. beta-cell function may also be improved. The drug has placebo like tolerability and rate of hypoglycemia events. Vildagliptin expands non-injectable treatment options available for management of T2DM patients, who are poorly controlled with monotherapy.
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J Assoc Physicians India · Apr 2011
Case ReportsCerebral and spinal air embolism following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
We present a case report of cerebral and spinal air embolism following percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a patient without evidence of intra-cardiac defects or prepulmonary A-V shunts. The position of the patient during the incidence determined the site of eventual lodgement of air emboli in the arterial circulation. We suspect that the time of onset of symptoms following the procedure may be the clue to the path followed by air emboli.
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J Assoc Physicians India · Mar 2011
Case ReportsLeft pulmonary artery hypoplasia presenting with unilateral hyperluscent lung.
Agenesis or hypoplasia of the right or left pulmonary arteries are among the rarest pulmonary artery anomalies with left sided anomalies being reported even less frequently. Pulmonary artery agenesis should be suspected in asymptomatic patients if a plain chest X-ray shows asymmetric lung fields, lung hypoplasia, or hyperinflation of the contralateral lung. It must be considered as a rare cause of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and in subjects with a low threshold for or recurrent "High Altitude Pulmonary Edema".