Therapeutische Umschau. Revue thérapeutique
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Lung cancer is still one of the main reasons for death in the western world. Its prevalence follows the pattern of smoking habits. ⋯ Nevertheless, long-term survival has steadily been increasing during the last decades. This review is focussing on recent progress in treating non-small cell and small cell lung cancer patients.
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Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas preferentially involve the skin. Among them, 65% are T-cell lymphomas, 25% B-cell lymphomas and about 10% rare variants or nonclassifiable lymphomas. Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of low-grade malignant peripheral cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): Lymphomas originating from follicular center cells are the most common types of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL). ⋯ For making the diagnosis, clinical, histo- and cytomorphological parameters often have to be supplemented by phenotypic, genotypic and molecular biologic techniques in order to establish the correct diagnosis. An important problem still is the early diagnosis and early evaluation of prognostic parameters in CTCL. The therapeutic approach is control of the disease according to stage and prognostic parameters.
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The aim of surgical therapy of a fracture is the restoration of the original integrity of the limb. X-rays are the only means by which the surgeon can observe fracture healing over time. ⋯ Postoperative findings, complications and aftertreatment are discussed. X-ray series are presented, and the differences in fracture healing are shown.
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Surgery and radiation therapy are the basic therapies for local tumor control in breast cancer. The role of radiation therapy has been established in a number of prospective studies during the past years. Technical advances (computerized treatment planning, linear accelerators) and knowledge of tolerance in normal tissues have practically eliminated the severe side effects of former radiation therapies. ⋯ If a tumor cannot be removed or a gross tumor is left after excision, radiation will be necessary to achieve local tumor control. Radiation has an important role in palliation in metastatic disease. The current paper summarizes the role of modern radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer and points to problems in the referral of patients in current practice.
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In 1991 helicopters rescued over 3800 persons in the Swiss Alps, doing 600 to 700 hoist rescues. Exact statistic data is available from Swiss Air Rescue (Rega), which is responsible for two thirds of all rescues. ⋯ Regarding those rescued, 10% were not injured, 22% showed mild injuries and 52% severe injuries. 2% suffered of a life-threatening injury and 12% were dead-body evacuations. The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) is active in schooling alpine rescue specialists and doctors.