Scientific reports
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Meta Analysis
A meta-analysis of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life and is one of the reasons for the discontinuation of treatment. Olanzapine is known as an atypical antipsychotic agent, but it has been reported to be effective in treating refractory CINV due to its broad and potent inhibitory activity at multiple receptors involved in the nausea and vomiting pathways. ⋯ The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.19 software. 6 studies involving 726 total patients were included, of which 441 were Chinese oncology patients. We found that for both general populations and Chinese populations, antiemetic regimens including olanzapine are more effective at reducing CINV than regimens that do not include olanzapine, especially in the delayed phase of CINV.
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Protein allostery is essential for vital activities. Allosteric regulation of human hemoglobin (HbA) with two quaternary states T and R has been a paradigm of allosteric structural regulation of proteins. It is widely accepted that oxygen molecules (O2) act as a "site-specific" homotropic effector, or the successive O2 binding to the heme brings about the quaternary regulation. ⋯ Our simulation results revealed that the solution environment of high O2 partial pressure enhances the quaternary change from T to R without binding to the heme, suggesting an additional "non-site-specific" allosteric effect of O2. The latter effect should play a complementary role in the quaternary change by affecting the intersubunit contacts. This analysis must become a milestone in comprehensive understanding of the allosteric regulation of HbA from the molecular point of view.