The Journal of otolaryngology
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Spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema is a well-documented phenomenon which usually follows a benign course and rarely results in circulatory collapse and death. The condition is caused by a sustained increase in the intra-alveolar and intrabronchial pressure with air dissecting along the perivascular spaces of the mediastinum. ⋯ Three cases are presented. The anatomy, etiology and the pathophysiology of the disease are reviewed, and the treatment options discussed.